核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂及蛋白酶抑制剂在治疗HIV感染（艾滋病）中的应用

The nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and protease inhibitors in the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS).

作者信息

De Clercq Erik

机构信息

Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.

出版信息

Adv Pharmacol. 2013;67:317-58. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-405880-4.00009-3.

DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-405880-4.00009-3

PMID:23886005

Abstract

The majority of the drugs currently used for the treatment of HIV infections (AIDS) belong to either of the following three classes: nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs), nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), and protease inhibitors (PIs). At present, there are 7 NRTIs, 5 NNRTIs, and 10 PIs approved for clinical use. They are discussed from the following viewpoints: (i) chemical formulae; (ii) mechanism of action; (iii) drug combinations; (iv) clinical aspects; (v) preexposure prophylaxis; (vi) prevention of mother-to-child transmission; (vii) their use in children; (viii) toxicity; (ix) adherence (compliance); (x) resistance; (xi) new NRTIs, NNRTIs, or PIs in (pre)clinical development; and (xii) the prospects for a "cure" of the disease.

摘要

目前用于治疗HIV感染（艾滋病）的大多数药物属于以下三类中的一种：核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NRTIs）、非核苷类逆转录酶抑制剂（NNRTIs）和蛋白酶抑制剂（PIs）。目前，有7种NRTIs、5种NNRTIs和10种PIs被批准用于临床。将从以下几个方面进行讨论：（i）化学式；（ii）作用机制；（iii）药物组合；（iv）临床方面；（v）暴露前预防；（vi）母婴传播预防；（vii）它们在儿童中的使用；（viii）毒性；（ix）依从性（顺应性）；（x）耐药性；（xi）处于（临床前）临床开发阶段的新NRTIs、NNRTIs或PIs；以及（xii）治愈该疾病的前景。