过去 20 年广州儿童中视力低下和近视患病率的增加。
Increases in the prevalence of reduced visual acuity and myopia in Chinese children in Guangzhou over the past 20 years.
机构信息
1] State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China [2] ARC Centre of Excellence in Vision Science and Visual Sciences Group, Research School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia.
1] State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat Sen University, Guangzhou, China [2] Helen Keller International, New York, NY, USA.
出版信息
Eye (Lond). 2013 Dec;27(12):1353-8. doi: 10.1038/eye.2013.194. Epub 2013 Sep 6.
BACKGROUND/AIMS: To estimate the prevalence of myopia based on reduced unaided visual acuity (VA) in Chinese school children over the past 20 years.
METHODS
Guangzhou school health authorities have measured VA on Grade 1-12 students from 1988 to 2007 annually, using a LogMAR tumbling E chart. VA is reported as Snellen categories: normal (VA ≥ 6/6), mildly reduced (6/9 < VA <6/6), moderately reduced (6/18 < VA ≤ 6/9), and severely reduced VA (VA ≤ 6/18).
RESULTS
In 1988, over 80% of children in Grade 1 (age 6 years) and about 30% in Grade 12 (age 17 years) had normal unaided VA. By 2007, this dropped to only 60% in Grade 1 and about 10% in Grade 12. Conversely, the prevalence of moderately and severely reduced unaided VA increased from 6.2% in Grade 1 and 62.5% in Grade 12 in 1988 to 14.5% in Grade 1 and 84.11% in Grade 12 in 2007. This rate was unchanged from 2003 to 2007 at both the Grade 1 and Grade 12 levels.
CONCLUSIONS
In Guangzhou, the prevalence of reduced unaided VA has increased markedly in the past 20 years, but has stabilized in the past few years. This increase may result from environmental changes, such as increased schooling intensity and urbanization.
背景/目的：评估过去 20 年来中国学童因未矫正视力（VA）下降导致近视的患病率。
方法
广州学校卫生部门每年对 1988 年至 2007 年的 1-12 年级学生进行 VA 测量，使用 LogMAR 翻转 E 图表。VA 以 Snellen 分类报告：正常（VA≥6/6）、轻度降低（6/9<VA<6/6）、中度降低（6/18<VA≤6/9）和重度降低 VA（VA≤6/18）。
结果
1988 年，一年级（6 岁）超过 80%的儿童和 12 年级（17 岁）约 30%的儿童有正常的未矫正 VA。到 2007 年，这一比例降至一年级的 60%左右，12 年级的 10%左右。相反，中度和重度未矫正 VA 的患病率从 1988 年一年级的 6.2%和 12 年级的 62.5%上升到 2007 年的一年级的 14.5%和 12 年级的 84.11%。从 2003 年到 2007 年，这一比例在一年级和 12 年级都没有变化。
结论
在广州，过去 20 年来，未矫正 VA 下降的患病率显著增加，但近年来已趋于稳定。这种增加可能是由于环境变化，如学校教育强度增加和城市化。
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