Loeffler Ivonne, Wolf Gunter
Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.
Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2014 Feb;29 Suppl 1:i37-i45. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gft267. Epub 2013 Sep 12.
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a profibrotic cytokine found in chronic renal diseases, which initiates and modulates a variety of pathophysiological processes. It is synthesized by many renal cell types and exerts its biological functions through a variety of signalling pathways, including the Smad and MAPK pathways. In renal diseases, TGF-β is upregulated and induces renal cells to produce extracellular matrix proteins leading to glomerulosclerosis as well as tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Different types of renal cells undergo different pathophysiological changes induced by TGF-β, leading to apoptosis, hypertrophy and abnormalities of podocyte foot processes, which ultimately result in renal dysfunction. In this review, we describe the effects of TGF-β on different renal cell types and the means by which TGF-β participates in the pathomechanisms of glomerular and tubulointerstitial diseases.
转化生长因子-β（TGF-β）是一种在慢性肾脏疾病中发现的促纤维化细胞因子，它启动并调节多种病理生理过程。它由多种肾细胞类型合成，并通过多种信号通路发挥其生物学功能，包括Smad和MAPK通路。在肾脏疾病中，TGF-β上调并诱导肾细胞产生细胞外基质蛋白，导致肾小球硬化以及肾小管间质纤维化。不同类型的肾细胞会经历由TGF-β诱导的不同病理生理变化，导致细胞凋亡、肥大和足细胞足突异常，最终导致肾功能障碍。在这篇综述中，我们描述了TGF-β对不同肾细胞类型的影响以及TGF-β参与肾小球和肾小管间质疾病发病机制的方式。
