Poxvirus and Rabies Branch, Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia.
Clin Infect Dis. 2014 Jan;58(2):260-7. doi: 10.1093/cid/cit703. Epub 2013 Oct 24.
Human monkeypox is a zoonotic Orthopoxvirus with a presentation similar to smallpox. Clinical differentiation of the disease from smallpox and varicella is difficult. Laboratory diagnostics are principal components to identification and surveillance of disease, and new tests are needed for a more precise and rapid diagnosis. The majority of human infections occur in Central Africa, where surveillance in rural areas with poor infrastructure is difficult but can be accomplished with evidence-guided tools and educational materials to inform public health workers of important principles. Contemporary epidemiological studies are needed now that populations do not receive routine smallpox vaccination. New therapeutics and vaccines offer hope for the treatment and prevention of monkeypox; however, more research must be done before they are ready to be deployed in an endemic setting. There is a need for more research in the epidemiology, ecology, and biology of the virus in endemic areas to better understand and prevent human infections.
人类猴痘是一种正痘病毒属的人畜共患病，其表现与天花相似。从天花和水痘中对该病进行临床鉴别较为困难。实验室诊断是识别和监测疾病的主要组成部分，需要新的检测方法来实现更准确和快速的诊断。大多数人类感染发生在中非，在基础设施较差的农村地区进行监测较为困难，但可以使用循证工具和教育材料来告知公共卫生工作者重要原则，从而完成监测。现在人群不再常规接种天花疫苗，因此需要开展当代流行病学研究。新的疗法和疫苗为猴痘的治疗和预防带来了希望；然而，在它们准备好部署在流行地区之前，还需要做更多的研究。需要在流行地区对病毒的流行病学、生态学和生物学进行更多的研究，以更好地了解和预防人类感染。
