Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 54 Shogoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
Cancers (Basel). 2011 Jun 22;3(2):2750-66. doi: 10.3390/cancers3022750.
Genetic abnormalities such as nucleotide alterations and chromosomal disorders that accumulate in various tumor-related genes have an important role in cancer development. The precise mechanism of the acquisition of genetic aberrations, however, remains unclear. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a nucleotide editing enzyme, is essential for the diversification of antibody production. AID is expressed only in activated B lymphocytes under physiologic conditions and induces somatic hypermutation and class switch recombination in immunoglobulin genes. Inflammation leads to aberrant AID expression in various gastrointestinal organs and increased AID expression contributes to cancer development by inducing genetic alterations in epithelial cells. Studies of how AID induces genetic disorders are expected to elucidate the mechanism of inflammation-associated carcinogenesis.
遗传异常，如核苷酸改变和染色体紊乱，在各种肿瘤相关基因中积累，在癌症发展中起着重要作用。然而，遗传异常获得的确切机制尚不清楚。激活诱导的胞嘧啶脱氨酶（AID）是一种核苷酸编辑酶，对于抗体产生的多样化是必不可少的。在生理条件下，AID 仅在活化的 B 淋巴细胞中表达，并诱导免疫球蛋白基因的体细胞超突变和类别转换重组。炎症导致各种胃肠道器官中 AID 的异常表达，并且增加的 AID 表达通过诱导上皮细胞中的遗传改变促进癌症发展。研究 AID 如何诱导遗传疾病有望阐明炎症相关致癌作用的机制。
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