Hanajima Ritsuko
Department of Neurology, Unisersity of Tokyo Hospital.
Rinsho Shinkeigaku. 2013;23(11):1276-8. doi: 10.5692/clinicalneurol.53.1276.
Tremor is a rhythmic involuntary movement of any body parts. Some peripheral and central mechanisms can produce it. The former includes peripheral mechanical oscillations and oscillations due to spinal reflexes. The latter includes central oscillations originated from some central pacemakers or network loops through cerebellum, basal ganglia or others.Weight loading on a body part is one method for differentiation between the peripheral and central mechanisms. In peripheral tremor, the weight load usually changes the tremor frequency. In contrast, it is not affected by the load in the central tremor. Both mechanisms relate to produce essential tremor and enhanced physiological tremor.Basal ganglia, sensory-motor cortex, cerebellum, red nucleus and inferior olive nucleus could be the central pacemakers or involved in the central loops for tremor.The facilitation and inhibition imbalance within a pacemaker or imbalance between feed-forward and feedback regulations within central loops may generate some rhythms.
震颤是身体任何部位有节奏的不自主运动。一些外周和中枢机制可产生震颤。前者包括外周机械振荡和脊髓反射引起的振荡。后者包括源自一些中枢起搏器或通过小脑、基底神经节或其他结构的网络环路的中枢振荡。对身体部位施加重量是区分外周和中枢机制的一种方法。在外周性震颤中,重量负荷通常会改变震颤频率。相比之下,中枢性震颤不受负荷影响。这两种机制都与特发性震颤和增强的生理性震颤的产生有关。基底神经节、感觉运动皮层、小脑、红核和下橄榄核可能是中枢起搏器或参与震颤的中枢环路。起搏器内的易化和抑制失衡或中枢环路内前馈和反馈调节之间的失衡可能会产生一些节律。