Guidance of transcatheter aortic valve replacement by echocardiography.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has recently emerged as an alternative to surgical aortic valve replacement for patients with severe aortic stenosis who are at "high risk" or deemed inoperable. Careful pre-procedural preparation requires multi-modality imaging. Intra-procedural imaging frequently relies on transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). This review will discuss the role of TEE in pre-implantation assessment, intra-procedural guidance, and post-implantation evaluation.