Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Urology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Bioinformatics, Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau, Wildau, Germany.
Eur Urol. 2014 Jun;65(6):1140-51. doi: 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.12.003. Epub 2013 Dec 14.
Genomic regions without protein-coding potential give rise to millions of protein-noncoding RNA transcripts (noncoding RNA) that participate in virtually all cellular processes. Research over the last 10 yr has accumulated evidence that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often altered in human urologic cancers.
To review current progress in the biology and implication of lncRNAs associated with prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer.
The PubMed database was searched for articles in the English language with combinations of the Medical Subject Headings terms long non coding RNA, long noncoding RNA, long untranslated RNA, cancer, neoplasms, prostate, bladder, and kidney.
We summarise existing knowledge on the systematics, biology, and function of lncRNAs, particularly these involved in prostate, kidney, and bladder cancer. We also discuss the possible utilisation of lncRNAs as novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in urologic malignancies and portray the major challenges and future perspectives of ongoing lncRNA research.
LncRNAs are important regulators of gene expression interacting with the major pathways of cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Alterations in the function of lncRNAs promote tumour formation, progression, and metastasis of prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer. LncRNAs can be used as noninvasive tumour markers in urologic malignancies. Increased knowledge of the molecular mechanisms by which lncRNAs perform their function in the normal and malignant cell will lead to a better understanding of tumour biology and could provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of urologic cancers.
In this paper we reviewed current knowledge of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) for the detection and treatment of urologic cancers. We conclude that lncRNAs can be used as novel biomarkers in prostate, kidney, or bladder cancer. LncRNAs hold promise as future therapeutic targets, but more research is needed to gain a better understanding of their biologic function.
没有蛋白质编码潜力的基因组区域会产生数以百万计的蛋白质非编码 RNA 转录本（非编码 RNA），这些转录本几乎参与了所有的细胞过程。在过去的 10 年中，研究积累了证据表明，长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在人类泌尿系统癌症中经常发生改变。
综述与前列腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌相关的 lncRNA 的生物学和意义的最新进展。
在英文数据库 PubMed 中，使用主题词“长非编码 RNA”“长非编码 RNA”“长非翻译 RNA”“癌症”“肿瘤”“前列腺”“膀胱”和“肾脏”进行组合搜索，检索相关文章。
我们总结了 lncRNA 的系统发生、生物学和功能的现有知识，特别是与前列腺癌、肾癌和膀胱癌相关的 lncRNA。我们还讨论了将 lncRNA 作为新型生物标志物和潜在治疗靶点在泌尿系统恶性肿瘤中的可能应用，并描绘了当前 lncRNA 研究的主要挑战和未来展望。
lncRNA 是基因表达的重要调节因子，与细胞生长、增殖、分化和存活的主要途径相互作用。lncRNA 功能的改变促进了前列腺癌、膀胱癌和肾癌的肿瘤形成、进展和转移。lncRNA 可作为泌尿系统恶性肿瘤的非侵入性肿瘤标志物。增加对 lncRNA 在正常和恶性细胞中发挥功能的分子机制的了解，将有助于更好地理解肿瘤生物学，并为泌尿系统癌症的治疗提供新的治疗靶点。
在本文中，我们综述了长非编码 RNA（lncRNA）在泌尿系统癌症的检测和治疗中的最新知识。我们的结论是，lncRNA 可作为前列腺癌、肾癌或膀胱癌的新型生物标志物。lncRNA 有望成为未来的治疗靶点，但需要进一步研究以更好地了解其生物学功能。
