LeBlanc S J
Department of Population Medicine,University of Guelph,Guelph,ON,CanadaN1G 2W1.
Animal. 2014 May;8 Suppl 1:54-63. doi: 10.1017/S1751731114000524. Epub 2014 Mar 28.
Up to half of dairy cows are affected by at least one of metritis, purulent vaginal discharge, endometritis or cervicitis in the postpartum period. These conditions result from inadequate immune response to bacterial infection (failure to clear pathogenic bacteria from the uterus) or persistent inflammation that impairs rather than enhances reproductive function. The degree of mobilization of fat and how effectively it is used as a metabolic fuel is well recognized as a risk factor for metabolic and infectious disease. Release of non-esterified fatty acids has direct effects on liver and immune function but also produces pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α and interleukin-6), which contribute to systemic inflammation and to insulin resistance. Therefore, reproductive tract inflammatory disease may be a function of both local and systemic inflammatory stimuli and regulation as well as regulation of fat metabolism. Better understanding of variables associated with insulin resistance and inflammatory regulation in the liver and adipose tissue may lead to improvement of reproductive tract health. This paper reviews factors that may contribute to postpartum reproductive tract inflammatory diseases in dairy cows and their inter-relationships, impacts and treatment.
高达一半的奶牛在产后会受到子宫炎、脓性阴道分泌物、子宫内膜炎或宫颈炎中至少一种疾病的影响。这些病症是由于对细菌感染的免疫反应不足（无法从子宫清除病原菌）或持续炎症损害而非增强生殖功能所致。脂肪动员的程度以及其作为代谢燃料的有效利用程度已被公认为是代谢和传染病的一个风险因素。非酯化脂肪酸的释放对肝脏和免疫功能有直接影响，还会产生促炎细胞因子（肿瘤坏死因子α和白细胞介素-6），这会导致全身炎症和胰岛素抵抗。因此，生殖道炎性疾病可能是局部和全身炎症刺激与调节以及脂肪代谢调节共同作用的结果。更好地了解与肝脏和脂肪组织中胰岛素抵抗及炎症调节相关的变量，可能会改善生殖道健康。本文综述了可能导致奶牛产后生殖道炎性疾病的因素及其相互关系、影响和治疗方法。
