Getahun Tadesse, Gebrehiwot Mulat, Ambelu Argaw, Van Gerven Tom, Van der Bruggen Bart
Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Jimma University, P.O. box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia,
Environ Monit Assess. 2014 Jul;186(7):4637-46. doi: 10.1007/s10661-014-3727-4. Epub 2014 Apr 4.
The objective of this study was to estimate the potential of organic municipal solid waste generated in an urban setting in a tropical climate to produce biogas. Five different categories of wastes were considered: fruit waste, food waste, yard waste, paper waste, and mixed waste. These fractions were assessed for their efficiency for biogas production in a laboratory-scale batch digester for a total period of 8 weeks at a temperature of 15-30 °C. During this period, fruit waste, food waste, yard waste, paper waste, and mixed waste were observed to produce 0.15, 0.17, 0.10, 0.08, and 0.15 m(3) of biogas per kilogram of volatile solids, respectively. The biogas produced and caloric value of each feedstock was in the range of 1.25 × 10(-3) m(3) (17 kWh)/cap/day (paper waste) to 15 × 10(-3) m(3) (170 kWh)/cap/day (mixed waste). Paper waste produced the least (<1×10(-3)(<17.8 kWh)/cap/day), and mixed waste produced the highest methane yield (10 × 10(-3) m(3) (178 kWh)/cap/day). Thus, mixed waste was found to be more efficient than other feedstocks for biogas and methane production; this was mainly related to the better C/N ratio in mixed waste. Taking the total waste production in Jimma into account, the total mixed organic solid waste could produce 865 × 10(3) m(3) (5.4 m(3)/capita) of biogas or 537 × 10(3) m(3) (3.4 m(3)/capita) of methane per year. The total caloric value of methane production potential from mixed organic municipal solid waste was many times higher than the total energy requirement of the area.
本研究的目的是评估热带气候城市环境中产生的有机城市固体废物生产沼气的潜力。研究考虑了五类不同的废物：水果废物、食物废物、庭院废物、纸张废物和混合废物。在实验室规模的间歇式消化器中，于15至30°C的温度下，对这些组分进行了为期8周的沼气生产效率评估。在此期间，观察到水果废物、食物废物、庭院废物、纸张废物和混合废物每千克挥发性固体分别产生0.15、0.17、0.10、0.08和0.15立方米的沼气。每种原料产生的沼气和热值范围为1.25×10⁻³立方米（17千瓦时）/人/天（纸张废物）至15×10⁻³立方米（170千瓦时）/人/天（混合废物）。纸张废物产生的最少（<1×10⁻³（<17.8千瓦时）/人/天），混合废物产生的甲烷产量最高（10×10⁻³立方米（178千瓦时）/人/天）。因此，发现混合废物在沼气和甲烷生产方面比其他原料更高效；这主要与混合废物中更好的碳氮比有关。考虑到吉姆马的总废物产量，每年总的混合有机固体废物可产生865×10³立方米（5.4立方米/人）的沼气或537×10³立方米（3.4立方米/人）的甲烷。混合有机城市固体废物产生甲烷的潜在总热值比该地区的总能源需求高出许多倍。
