Rutgers University Center for Environmental Prediction, Springfield, New Jersey, USA.
Allergy Asthma Proc. 2014 May-Jun;35(3):211-8. doi: 10.2500/aap.2014.35.3750.
Previous nationwide surveys of allergies in the United States have focused on nasal symptoms, but ocular symptoms are also relevant. This study determines the effects of ocular and nasal allergies on patients' lives. Telephone surveys of randomly selected U.S. households (the patient survey) and health care providers (provider survey) were conducted in the United States in 2012. Study participants were 2765 people ≥5 years of age who had ever been diagnosed with nasal or ocular allergies and 500 health care providers in seven specialties. Respondents to the patient survey reported a bimodal seasonal distribution of allergy symptoms, with peaks in March to May and September. Nasal congestion was the most common of the symptoms rated as "extremely bothersome" (39% of respondents), followed by red, itchy eyes (34%; p = 0.84 for difference in extreme bothersomeness of nasal and ocular symptoms). Twenty-nine percent of respondents reported that their or their child's daily life was impacted "a lot" when allergy symptoms were at their worst. Workers rated their mean productivity at 29% lower when allergy symptoms were at their worst (p < 0.001 compared with no symptoms). Providers reported that itchy eyes was the symptom causing most patients to seek medical treatment by pediatricians (73%), ophthalmologist/optometrists (72%), and nurse practitioners or physician assistants (62%), whereas nasal congestion was the symptom causing most patients to seek treatment from otolaryngologists (85%), allergist/immunologists (79%), and family medicine practitioners (64%). Ocular and nasal allergy symptoms substantially affected patients' lives and were comparable in their impact.
先前在美国进行的全国性过敏调查主要集中在鼻部症状上,但眼部症状也同样相关。本研究旨在评估眼部和鼻部过敏对患者生活的影响。2012 年,在美国以随机选择的美国家庭(患者调查)和医疗保健提供者(提供者调查)为对象开展了电话调查。研究参与者包括 2765 名年龄在 5 岁及以上、曾被诊断患有鼻部或眼部过敏的患者,以及来自七个专业的 500 名医疗保健提供者。参与患者调查的患者报告称,过敏症状存在双峰季节性分布,3 月至 5 月和 9 月为高峰期。受访者中,有 39%的人认为鼻部充血是“极其困扰”的症状(“极度困扰”的症状比例),其次是眼红、眼痒(34%;p=0.84,鼻部和眼部症状的极度困扰程度无差异)。29%的受访者报告称,当过敏症状最严重时,他们或其子女的日常生活受到“很大”影响。当过敏症状最严重时,患者的平均工作效率下降 29%(与无症状时相比,p<0.001)。医疗保健提供者报告称,眼部瘙痒是导致患者最常去儿科医生(73%)、眼科医生/验光师(72%)和执业护士或医师助理(62%)处就诊的症状,而鼻部充血是导致患者最常去耳鼻喉科医生(85%)、过敏症/免疫学家(79%)和家庭医生(64%)处就诊的症状。眼部和鼻部过敏症状严重影响了患者的生活,且影响程度相当。