职业游泳运动员在深呼吸时心率变异性的变化。

Palak Klaudia, Furgala Agata, Ciesielczyk Katarzyna, Szygula Zbigniew, Thor Piotr J

Educational Center for Physical Education and Sport, AGH University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland.

Department of Pathophysiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.

Folia Med Cracov. 2013;53(2):43-52.

INTRODUCTION

The analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) is a useful tool for the evaluation of adaptation processes of autonomic nervous system (ANS) to physical exercise. The deep breathing test (DB) induces the increased activity of the parasympathetic component of ANS. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of DB on ANS activity in professional swimmers and non-trained persons.

METHODS

The study included 10 healthy swimmers (5 women and 5 men, mean age 21 ± 2 yrs) in the transitory phase of their training cycle, and a control group comprising 31 healthy volunteers. The evaluation of ANS activity was based on the time and frequency domain indices of HRV determined at rest and during DB.

RESULTS

Compared to the controls, swimmers were characterized by significantly higher values of the following HRV indices determined at rest: mRR (902.9 ± 102.5 ms vs. 744 ± 67.5 ms, p <0.05), rMSSD (71.4 ± 46.9 ms vs. 41.3 ± 20.7 ms, p <0.05), pNN50 (28.3 ± 17.4% vs.14 ± 10.7%, p <0.05), LF (603.5 ± 208.2 ms2 vs. 445.2 ± 137 ms2, p <0.03). Also during DB test, the values of the following HRV indices of the swimmers were significantly higher than in the controls: mRR (899.2 ± 69.2 ms vs. 766.4 ± 63.6 ms, p <0.05), SDNN (114.1 ± 45.1 ms vs. 79 ± 27.7 ms, p <0.05), rMSDD (81.9 ± 38.2 ms vs. 50.7 ± 27 ms, p <0.05), pNN50 (32.9 ± 14.3 % vs. 20.6 ± 14.6%, p <0.05), TP (1972.7 ± 809.5 ms2 vs. 1329.7 ± 532 ms2, p <0.05), HF (657.1 ± 330.9 ms2 vs. 405.7 ± 217 ms2, p <0.05), LF (753.3 ± 294 ms2 vs. 533 ± 213.4 ms2, p <0.05). The analysis of value relative DB-induced changes in time and frequency domain HRV indices revealed significant intergroup differences in reaction to parasympathetic stimulation.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on the results presented in this study, the swimmers' response to deep breathing seems stronger than in persons without professional training. The deep breathing test may be a useful tool to evaluate the dynamic changes in the parasympathetic activity of ANS of sportspersons.

引言

心率变异性（HRV）分析是评估自主神经系统（ANS）对体育锻炼适应过程的有用工具。深呼吸试验（DB）可诱导ANS副交感神经成分的活动增加。本研究的目的是评估DB对职业游泳运动员和非训练者ANS活动的影响。

方法

本研究包括10名处于训练周期过渡阶段的健康游泳运动员（5名女性和5名男性，平均年龄21±2岁），以及一个由31名健康志愿者组成的对照组。ANS活动的评估基于静息状态和DB期间测定的HRV时域和频域指标。

结果

与对照组相比，游泳运动员在静息状态下测定的以下HRV指标值显著更高：平均RR间期（mRR，902.9±102.5毫秒对744±67.5毫秒，p<0.05）、相邻RR间期差值的均方根（rMSSD，71.4±46.9毫秒对41.3±20.7毫秒，p<0.05）、差值大于50毫秒的相邻RR间期百分比（pNN50，28.3±17.4%对14±10.7%，p<0.05）、低频功率（LF，603.5±208.2毫秒²对445.2±137毫秒²，p<0.03）。在DB试验期间，游泳运动员的以下HRV指标值也显著高于对照组：mRR（899.2±69.2毫秒对766.4±63.6毫秒，p<0.05）、标准差（SDNN，114.1±45.1毫秒对79±27.7毫秒，p<0.05）、rMSSD（81.9±38.2毫秒对50.7±27毫秒，p<0.05）、pNN50（32.9±14.3%对20.6±14.6%，p<0.05）、总功率（TP，1972.7±809.5毫秒²对1329.7±532毫秒²，p<0.05）、高频功率（HF，657.1±330.9毫秒²对405.7±217毫秒²，p<0.05）、LF（753.3±294毫秒²对533±213.4毫秒²，p<0.05）。对时域和频域HRV指标中相对DB诱导变化值的分析显示，两组在对副交感神经刺激的反应方面存在显著差异。