基因工程小鼠作为剖析乳腺癌关键事件的实验工具。
Genetically engineered mice as experimental tools to dissect the critical events in breast cancer.
作者信息
Menezes Mitchell E, Das Swadesh K, Emdad Luni, Windle Jolene J, Wang Xiang-Yang, Sarkar Devanand, Fisher Paul B
机构信息
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA; VCU Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
出版信息
Adv Cancer Res. 2014;121:331-382. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-12-800249-0.00008-1.
Elucidating the mechanism of pathogenesis of breast cancer has greatly benefited from breakthrough advances in both genetically engineered mouse (GEM) models and xenograft transplantation technologies. The vast array of breast cancer mouse models currently available is testimony to the complexity of mammary tumorigenesis and attempts by investigators to accurately portray the heterogeneity and intricacies of this disease. Distinct molecular changes that drive various aspects of tumorigenesis, such as alterations in tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, angiogenesis, and drug resistance have been evaluated using the currently available GEM breast cancer models. GEM breast cancer models are also being exploited to evaluate and validate the efficacy of novel therapeutics, vaccines, and imaging modalities for potential use in the clinic. This review provides a synopsis of the various GEM models that are expanding our knowledge of the nuances of breast cancer development and progression and can be instrumental in the development of novel prevention and therapeutic approaches for this disease.
基因工程小鼠（GEM）模型和异种移植技术的突破性进展极大地推动了对乳腺癌发病机制的研究。目前可用的大量乳腺癌小鼠模型证明了乳腺肿瘤发生的复杂性，也体现了研究人员试图准确描绘这种疾病的异质性和复杂性。利用现有的GEM乳腺癌模型，已经对驱动肿瘤发生各个方面的不同分子变化进行了评估，比如肿瘤细胞增殖和凋亡、侵袭和转移、血管生成以及耐药性的改变。GEM乳腺癌模型还被用于评估和验证新型治疗方法、疫苗以及成像方式在临床潜在应用中的疗效。本综述概述了各种GEM模型，这些模型正在扩展我们对乳腺癌发生和发展细微差别的认识，并有助于开发针对这种疾病的新型预防和治疗方法。
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