Kohlmann R, Geis G, Gatermann S G
Institut für Medizinische Laboratoriumsdiagnostik (IML) Bochum GmbH.
Dtsch Med Wochenschr. 2014 Jul;139(27):1417-22. doi: 10.1055/s-0034-1370117. Epub 2014 Jun 17.
The bacterium Francisella tularensis is known for more than 100 years by now as the etiological agent of the disease tularemia, a zoonotic infection with a worldwide distribution in the Northern Hemisphere. The prevalence of tularemia shows a wide geographic variation, being comparably infrequent in Germany. Tularemia can present itself with multiple clinical manifestations including ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, oculoglandular, respiratory and typhoidal forms. Due to the low prevalence and the unspecific symptomatology, a rapid diagnosis and early start of an effective therapy are rarely obtained. Thus, in this article we summarize important aspects concerning etiology, ecology and routes of transmission, recent epidemiologic situation, clinical picture, diagnostics and treatment of tularemia, focusing on the situation in Germany.
如今,土拉弗朗西斯菌作为兔热病的病原体已为人所知达100多年。兔热病是一种人畜共患感染病,在北半球呈全球分布。兔热病的流行情况在地理上差异很大,在德国相对不常见。兔热病可表现为多种临床表现,包括溃疡腺型、腺型、口咽型、眼腺型、呼吸道型和伤寒型。由于发病率低且症状不具特异性,很少能实现快速诊断和有效治疗的早期启动。因此,在本文中,我们总结了有关兔热病的病因、生态学和传播途径、近期流行病学情况、临床表现、诊断和治疗等重要方面,重点关注德国的情况。