止血剂：围手术期护士安全操作指南

Hemostatic agents: a guide to safe practice for perioperative nurses.

作者信息

Camp Margaret A

出版信息

AORN J. 2014 Aug;100(2):131-47. doi: 10.1016/j.aorn.2014.01.024.

DOI:10.1016/j.aorn.2014.01.024

Abstract

Perioperative hemostasis, the effective management of bleeding during operative and other invasive procedures, can involve the use of blood, blood products, and hemostatic agents to augment the patient's natural clotting abilities. Currently, more than 50 hemostatic products are available in the marketplace and dozens more are in development. It is important for perioperative nurses to understand each of the hemostatic agent categories and their actions, properties, applications, and limitations. This article provides an overview of the normal coagulation process (ie, clotting cascade) that is activated by the body when there is a bleeding episode; the management of blood products and the rationale for reducing their use; the financial implications of hemostatic agent use; and how these agents are used, their clinical indications, and potential complications from their use.

摘要

围手术期止血是指在手术及其他侵入性操作过程中对出血进行有效管理，可能涉及使用血液、血液制品和止血剂来增强患者的自然凝血能力。目前，市场上有50多种止血产品可供使用，还有几十种正在研发中。围手术期护士了解各类止血剂及其作用、特性、应用和局限性非常重要。本文概述了身体在出血发作时激活的正常凝血过程（即凝血级联反应）；血液制品的管理以及减少其使用的理由；使用止血剂的财务影响；以及这些药物的使用方法、临床适应症和使用可能产生的并发症。