中学体育伤害：一项为期20年（1988 - 2008年）的多运动项目评估
Middle school injuries: a 20-year (1988-2008) multisport evaluation.
作者信息
Beachy Glenn, Rauh Mitchell
机构信息
Punahou School, Honolulu, HI.
出版信息
J Athl Train. 2014 Jul-Aug;49(4):493-506. doi: 10.4085/1062-6050-49.2.19.
CONTEXT
Data on the incidence of injury in middle school sports are limited.
OBJECTIVE
To describe overall, practice, and game injury rate patterns in 29 middle school sports.
DESIGN
Descriptive epidemiology study.
SETTING
Injury data collected over a 20-year period (1988-2008) at a single school.
PATIENTS OR OTHER PARTICIPANTS
Boy (n = 8078) and girl (n = 5960) athletes participating in 14 and 15 middle school sports, respectively.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Injury status and athlete-exposures (AEs) were collected by certified athletic trainers. Incidence rates per 1000 AEs (injuries/AEs) were calculated for overall incidence, practices and games, injury location, injury type, and injury severity (time lost from participation). Rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to compare injury rates for sex-matched sports.
RESULTS
Football had the highest injury rate for all injuries (16.03/1000 AEs) and for time-loss injuries (8.486/1000 AEs). In matched middle school sports, girls exhibited a higher injury rate for all injuries (7.686/1000 AEs, RR = 1.15, 95% CI = 1.1, 1.2) and time-loss injuries (2.944/1000 AEs, RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.0, 1.2) than boys (all injuries: 6.684/1000 AEs, time-loss injuries: 2.702/1000 AEs). Girls had a higher injury rate during practices (3.30/1000 AEs) than games (1.67/1000 AEs, RR = 1.97, 95% CI = 1.7, 2.4) for all sports. Only gymnastics (RR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.3, 3.8) had a higher game injury rate for girls. Practice and game injury rates were nearly identical for boys in all sports (RR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.9, 1.1). Only football (RR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.4, 0.6) and boys' wrestling (RR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.3, 0.8) reported higher game injury rates. Tendinitis injuries accounted for 19.1% of all middle school injuries.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk for sport-related injury at the middle school level was greater during practices than games and greater for girls than boys in sex-matched sports. Conditioning programs may be needed to address the high rate of tendinitis injuries.
背景
中学体育运动中受伤发生率的数据有限。
目的
描述29项中学体育运动中的总体、训练和比赛受伤率模式。
设计
描述性流行病学研究。
地点
一所学校在20年期间（1988 - 2008年）收集的受伤数据。
患者或其他参与者
分别参加14项和15项中学体育运动的男运动员（n = 8078）和女运动员（n = 5960）。
主要观察指标
由认证的运动训练师收集受伤状况和运动员暴露次数（AE）。计算每1000次AE的发生率（受伤数/AE），用于总体发生率、训练和比赛、受伤部位、受伤类型以及受伤严重程度（参与时间损失）。使用率比（RR）和95%置信区间（CI）比较性别匹配运动的受伤率。
结果
橄榄球在所有受伤（16.03/1000 AE）和导致时间损失的受伤（8.486/1000 AE）方面受伤率最高。在匹配的中学体育运动中，女生在所有受伤（7.686/1000 AE，RR = 1.15，95% CI = 1.1，1.2）和导致时间损失的受伤（2.944/1000 AE，RR = 1.09，95% CI = 1.0，1.2）方面的受伤率高于男生（所有受伤：6.684/1000 AE，导致时间损失的受伤：2.702/1000 AE）。在所有运动中，女生在训练期间的受伤率（3.30/1000 AE）高于比赛期间（1.67/1000 AE，RR = 1.97，95% CI = 1.7，2.4）。只有体操（RR = 0.96，95% CI = 0.3，3.8）女生的比赛受伤率较高。在所有运动中，男生的训练和比赛受伤率几乎相同（RR = 0.99，95% CI = 0.9，1.1）。只有橄榄球（RR = 0.49，95% CI = 0.4，0.6）和男子摔跤（RR = 0.50，95% CI = 0.3，0.8）比赛受伤率较高。肌腱炎损伤占所有中学损伤的19.1%。
结论
中学阶段与运动相关的受伤风险在训练期间高于比赛期间，在性别匹配的运动中女生高于男生。可能需要制定训练计划来解决肌腱炎损伤的高发生率问题。
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