咀嚼口香糖会增加有咀嚼口香糖习惯的个体患颞下颌关节紊乱症的患病率吗？

Does gum chewing increase the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in individuals with gum chewing habits?

作者信息

Tabrizi Reza, Karagah Touba, Aliabadi Ehsan, Hoseini Seyed Ali

机构信息

From the *Oral and Dental Health Care Research Center, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz; and †Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.

出版信息

J Craniofac Surg. 2014 Sep;25(5):1818-21. doi: 10.1097/SCS.0000000000000993.

DOI:10.1097/SCS.0000000000000993

PMID:25203577

Abstract

PURPOSE

The effect of habitual gum chewing on temporomandibular joint function is controversial. This study evaluated the prevalence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) in adolescents with and without gum chewing habits and the affiliation of TMD signs with gum chewing.

SUBJECTS AND METHODS

This is a cross-sectional study. Subjects were studied in 2 groups. Subjects in the study group chewed gum for 30, 60, or 120 minutes in a 24-hour day. Subjects in the control group did not have a gum chewing habit. TMD signs of clicking, crepitus, and pain were documented for every subject. Age, gender, duration of gum chewing, and occlusal relationships were variable factors, and TMD signs (clicking, crepitus, and pain) were outcomes of the study. The chi-square test was used to compare TMD signs and gender in the 2 groups, and to evaluate the relationship between TMD signs and duration of gum chewing in the study group. An independent t test was applied to compare the ages of the 2 groups.

RESULTS

Two hundred subjects participated in the study and were divided into 2 groups (100 subjects per group). An evaluation of the data showed no significant differences between the 2 groups in sex, age, and occlusion. The incidence of clicking and pain was statistically higher in the study group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Analysis of the data demonstrated considerable differences in clicking and pain among subjects with various gum chewing times in the study group (P < 0.05). The incidence of pain was higher in subjects with a class II skeletal pattern than others in the study group (P < 0.001). Nevertheless, no significant difference was noticed for clicking among subjects with various occlusions (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Considering that intensive gum chewing may affect TMD signs in individuals with a gum chewing habit. It seems a longer duration of gum chewing may increase the prevalence of TMD. Individuals with a class II skeletal pattern may be affected more than others.

摘要

目的

习惯性嚼口香糖对颞下颌关节功能的影响存在争议。本研究评估了有和没有嚼口香糖习惯的青少年颞下颌关节紊乱病（TMD）的患病率以及TMD体征与嚼口香糖的关系。

对象与方法

这是一项横断面研究。将受试者分为两组。研究组受试者在一天24小时内嚼口香糖30、60或120分钟。对照组受试者没有嚼口香糖的习惯。记录每名受试者的TMD体征，包括弹响、摩擦音和疼痛。年龄、性别、嚼口香糖的时长以及咬合关系为可变因素，TMD体征（弹响、摩擦音和疼痛）为研究结果。采用卡方检验比较两组的TMD体征和性别，并评估研究组中TMD体征与嚼口香糖时长之间的关系。应用独立t检验比较两组的年龄。

结果

200名受试者参与了本研究并被分为两组（每组100名受试者）。数据评估显示，两组在性别、年龄和咬合方面无显著差异。研究组弹响和疼痛的发生率在统计学上高于对照组（P<0.05）。数据分析表明，研究组中不同嚼口香糖时长的受试者在弹响和疼痛方面存在显著差异（P<0.05）。在研究组中，II类骨骼型受试者的疼痛发生率高于其他受试者（P<0.001）。然而，不同咬合的受试者在弹响方面未发现显著差异（P>0.05）。