de Wit Emmie, Munster Vincent J
Laboratory of Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA.
J Pathol. 2015 Jan;235(2):196-205. doi: 10.1002/path.4444.
Nipah virus is an emerging virus infection that causes yearly disease outbreaks with high case fatality rates in Bangladesh. Nipah virus causes encephalitis and systemic vasculitis, sometimes in combination with respiratory disease. Pteropus species fruit bats are the natural reservoir of Nipah virus and zoonotic transmission can occur directly or via an intermediate host; human-to-human transmission occurs regularly. In this review we discuss the current state of knowledge on the pathogenesis and transmission of Nipah virus, focusing on dissemination of the virus through its host, known determinants of pathogenicity and routes of zoonotic and human-to-human transmission. Since data from human cases are sparse, this knowledge is largely based on the results of studies performed in animal models that recapitulate Nipah virus disease in humans.
尼帕病毒是一种新出现的病毒感染,在孟加拉国每年都会引发具有高病死率的疾病暴发。尼帕病毒会引发脑炎和系统性血管炎,有时还会伴有呼吸道疾病。狐蝠属果蝠是尼帕病毒的天然宿主,人畜共患传播可直接发生或通过中间宿主发生;人际传播也时有发生。在本综述中,我们讨论了关于尼帕病毒发病机制和传播的当前知识状态,重点关注病毒在其宿主中的传播、已知的致病性决定因素以及人畜共患和人际传播途径。由于人类病例的数据稀少,这些知识很大程度上基于在动物模型中进行的研究结果,这些模型再现了人类的尼帕病毒病。