CHAMACOS队列中儿童早期接触有机磷农药与儿科呼吸道症状
Early-life exposure to organophosphate pesticides and pediatric respiratory symptoms in the CHAMACOS cohort.
作者信息
Raanan Rachel, Harley Kim G, Balmes John R, Bradman Asa, Lipsett Michael, Eskenazi Brenda
机构信息
Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 2015 Feb;123(2):179-85. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1408235. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
BACKGROUND
Although pesticide use is widespread, the possible effect of early-life exposure to organophosphate (OP) on pediatric respiratory health is not well described.
OBJECTIVES
We investigated the relationship between early-life exposure to OPs and respiratory outcomes.
METHODS
Participants included 359 mothers and children from the CHAMACOS birth cohort. Dialkyl phosphate (DAP) metabolites of OP pesticides, specifically diethyl (DE) and dimethyl (DM) phosphate metabolites, were measured in urine from mothers twice during pregnancy (mean = 13 and 26 weeks gestation) and from children five times during childhood (0.5-5 years). Childhood DAP concentrations were estimated by the area under curve (AUC). Mothers reported their child's respiratory symptoms at 5 and 7 years of age. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to examine associations of prenatal and childhood DAP concentrations with repeated measures of respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced coughing at 5 and 7 years of age, adjusting for child's sex and age, maternal smoking during pregnancy, secondhand tobacco smoke, season of birth, PM2.5, breastfeeding, mold and cockroaches in home, and distance from highway.
RESULTS
Higher prenatal DAP concentrations, particularly DE, were nonsignificantly associated with respiratory symptoms in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of age [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) per 10-fold increase = 1.44; 95% CI: 0.98, 2.12]. This association was strongest with total DAP and DE from the second half of pregnancy (aOR per 10-fold increase = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.95; and 1.61; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.39, respectively). Childhood DAP, DE, and DM concentrations were associated with respiratory symptoms and exercise-induced coughing in the previous 12 months at 5 or 7 years of age (total DAPs: aOR per 10-fold increase = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.32, 4.86; and aOR = 5.40; 95% CI: 2.10, 13.91, respectively).
CONCLUSIONS
Early-life exposure to OP pesticides was associated with respiratory symptoms consistent with possible asthma in childhood.
背景
尽管农药使用广泛，但生命早期接触有机磷（OP）对儿童呼吸健康的潜在影响尚未得到充分描述。
目的
我们调查了生命早期接触有机磷与呼吸结局之间的关系。
方法
参与者包括来自CHAMACOS出生队列的359名母亲和儿童。在孕期，对母亲的尿液进行两次有机磷农药的二烷基磷酸酯（DAP）代谢物测量，具体为二乙基（DE）和二甲基（DM）磷酸酯代谢物，测量时间分别为孕期平均13周和26周；对儿童尿液进行五次测量，测量时间为儿童期0.5至5岁。儿童期DAP浓度通过曲线下面积（AUC）估算。母亲报告其孩子在5岁和7岁时的呼吸道症状。我们使用广义估计方程（GEE）来检验产前和儿童期DAP浓度与5岁和7岁时重复测量的呼吸道症状及运动诱发性咳嗽之间的关联，并对儿童性别和年龄、孕期母亲吸烟、二手烟、出生季节、PM2.5、母乳喂养、家中霉菌和蟑螂以及与高速公路的距离进行了调整。
结果
较高的产前DAP浓度，尤其是DE，与5岁或7岁时过去12个月内的呼吸道症状无显著关联[每增加10倍调整优势比（aOR）=1.44；95%置信区间（CI）：0.98，2.12]。这种关联在孕期后半段的总DAP和DE中最为明显（每增加10倍aOR分别为1.77；95%CI：1.06，2.95；以及1.61；95%CI：1.08，2.39）。儿童期DAP、DE和DM浓度与5岁或7岁时过去12个月内的呼吸道症状及运动诱发性咳嗽有关（总DAPs：每增加10倍aOR分别为2.53；95%CI：1.32，4.86；以及aOR=5.40；95%CI：2.10，13.91）。
结论
生命早期接触有机磷农药与儿童期可能与哮喘相符的呼吸道症状有关。
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