前列腺癌诊断与预后的表观遗传学：临床应用的最新进展
The epigenetics of prostate cancer diagnosis and prognosis: update on clinical applications.
作者信息
Blute Michael L, Damaschke Nathan A, Jarrard David F
机构信息
aDepartment of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health bUniversity of Wisconsin Carbone Comprehensive Cancer Center cEnvironmental and Molecular Toxicology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Urol. 2015 Jan;25(1):83-8. doi: 10.1097/MOU.0000000000000132.
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
There is a major deficit in our ability to detect and predict the clinical behavior of prostate cancer (PCa). Epigenetic changes are associated with PCa development and progression. This review will focus on recent results in the clinical application of diagnostic and prognostic epigenetic markers.
RECENT FINDINGS
The development of high throughput technology has seen an enormous increase in the discovery of new markers that encompass epigenetic changes including those in DNA methylation and histone modifications. Application of these findings to urine and other biofluids, but also cancer and noncancerous prostate tissue, has resulted in new biomarkers. There has been a recent commercial development of a DNA methylation-based assay for identifying PCa risk from normal biopsy tissue. Other biomarkers are currently in the validation phase and encompass combinations of multiple genes.
SUMMARY
Epigenetic changes improve the specificity and sensitivity of PCa diagnosis and have the potential to help determine clinical prognosis. Additional studies will not only provide new and better biomarker candidates, but also have the potential to inform new therapeutic strategies given the reversibility of these processes.
综述目的
我们在检测和预测前列腺癌（PCa）临床行为方面存在重大不足。表观遗传变化与PCa的发生和发展相关。本综述将聚焦于诊断和预后表观遗传标志物临床应用的最新成果。
最新发现
高通量技术的发展使得包括DNA甲基化和组蛋白修饰等表观遗传变化在内的新标志物的发现大幅增加。将这些发现应用于尿液和其他生物流体，以及癌症和非癌性前列腺组织，已产生了新的生物标志物。最近基于DNA甲基化的检测方法已商业化开发，用于从正常活检组织中识别PCa风险。其他生物标志物目前正处于验证阶段，包括多个基因的组合。
总结
表观遗传变化提高了PCa诊断的特异性和敏感性，并有可能帮助确定临床预后。进一步的研究不仅将提供新的、更好的生物标志物候选物，而且鉴于这些过程的可逆性，还有可能为新的治疗策略提供依据。
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