氟虫腈（拜宠爽™）对犬身上蓖麻硬蜱的杀灭速度。
The speed of kill of fluralaner (Bravecto™) against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs.
作者信息
Wengenmayer Christina, Williams Heike, Zschiesche Eva, Moritz Andreas, Langenstein Judith, Roepke Rainer K A, Heckeroth Anja R
机构信息
MSD Animal Health Innovation GmbH, Zur Propstei, 55270, Schwabenheim, Germany.
Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathophysiology and Clinical Pathology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
出版信息
Parasit Vectors. 2014 Nov 18;7:525. doi: 10.1186/s13071-014-0525-3.
BACKGROUND
Pathogens that are transmitted by ticks to dogs, such as Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia spp., Borrelia burgdorferi sensu latu, and Ehrlichia canis, are an increasing problem in the world. One method to prevent pathogen transmission to dogs is to kill the ticks before transmission occurs. Fluralaner (Bravecto™) is a novel isoxazoline insecticide and acaricide that provides long persistent antiparasitic activity following systemic administration. This study investigated the speed of kill of fluralaner against Ixodes ricinus ticks on dogs.
METHODS
A total of 48 dogs were randomized to 8 groups of 6 dogs and each dog was infested with 50 female and 10 male I. ricinus ticks. Two days later (day 0), 4 groups received a single treatment of 25 mg fluralaner/kg body weight as Bravecto™ chewable tablets; the dogs in the other 4 groups were left untreated. Separate control and treatment groups were paired at each time point (4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after treatment) for assessment of tick-killing efficacy. At 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, all dogs were re-infested with 50 female I. ricinus ticks and subsequently assessed for live or dead ticks at either 4, 8, 12, or 24 hours after re-infestation. Efficacy was calculated for each assessment time point by comparison of the treatment group with the respective control group.
RESULTS
Tick-killing efficacy was 89.6% at 4 hours, 97.9% at 8 hours, and 100% at 12 and 24 hours after treatment. Eight hours after re-infestation, efficacy was 96.8%, 83.5%, and 45.8% at 4, 8, and 12 weeks after treatment, respectively. At least 98.1% tick-killing efficacy was demonstrated 12 and 24 hours after re-infestation over the entire 12 week study period.
CONCLUSIONS
Fluralaner kills ticks rapidly after treatment at 4 hours, and over its entire 12-week period of efficacy, it achieves an almost complete killing effect within 12 hours after tick infestation. The rapid tick-killing effect together with the long duration of efficacy enables fluralaner to aid in the prevention of tick borne diseases.
背景
蜱传播给犬类的病原体，如嗜吞噬细胞无形体、巴贝斯虫属、广义疏螺旋体和犬埃立克体，在全球范围内是一个日益严重的问题。预防病原体传播给犬类的一种方法是在传播发生前杀死蜱。氟雷拉纳（拜宠清™）是一种新型异恶唑啉类杀虫剂和杀螨剂，全身给药后具有持久的抗寄生虫活性。本研究调查了氟雷拉纳对犬身上蓖麻硬蜱的杀蜱速度。
方法
将48只犬随机分为8组，每组6只，每只犬感染50只雌性和10只雄性蓖麻硬蜱。两天后（第0天），4组犬接受单次25mg氟雷拉纳/千克体重的治疗，以拜宠清™咀嚼片给药；另外4组犬不进行治疗。在每个时间点（治疗后4、8、12或24小时），将单独的对照组和治疗组配对，以评估杀蜱效果。在治疗后4、8和12周，所有犬再次感染50只雌性蓖麻硬蜱，随后在再次感染后4、8、12或24小时评估蜱的存活或死亡情况。通过将治疗组与相应对照组进行比较，计算每个评估时间点的疗效。
结果
治疗后4小时杀蜱效果为89.6%，8小时为97.9%，12小时和24小时为100%。再次感染后8小时，治疗后4、8和12周的疗效分别为96.8%、83.5%和45.8%。在整个12周的研究期间，再次感染后12和24小时杀蜱效果至少为98.1%。
结论
氟雷拉纳治疗后4小时即可迅速杀死蜱，在其整个12周的有效期间内，蜱感染后12小时内几乎可达到完全杀灭效果。快速的杀蜱效果和持久的疗效使氟雷拉纳有助于预防蜱传播疾病。
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