Anselme Patrick
Département de Psychologie, Cognition & Comportement, Université de Liège, 5 Boulevard du Rectorat (B 32), B 4000 Liège, Belgium.
Behav Processes. 2015 Feb;111:6-18. doi: 10.1016/j.beproc.2014.10.016. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
There is a vast literature on the behavioural effects of partial reinforcement in Pavlovian conditioning. Compared with animals receiving continuous reinforcement, partially rewarded animals typically show (a) a slower development of the conditioned response (CR) early in training and (b) a higher asymptotic level of the CR later in training. This phenomenon is known as the partial reinforcement acquisition effect (PRAE). Learning models of Pavlovian conditioning fail to account for it. In accordance with the incentive salience hypothesis, it is here argued that incentive motivation (or 'wanting') plays a more direct role in controlling behaviour than does learning, and reward uncertainty is shown to have an excitatory effect on incentive motivation. The psychological origin of that effect is discussed and a computational model integrating this new interpretation is developed. Many features of CRs under partial reinforcement emerge from this model.
关于巴甫洛夫条件反射中部分强化的行为效应，已有大量文献。与接受连续强化的动物相比，部分获得奖励的动物通常表现出：（a）在训练早期条件反应（CR）的发展较慢；（b）在训练后期CR的渐近水平较高。这种现象被称为部分强化习得效应（PRAE）。巴甫洛夫条件反射的学习模型无法对此作出解释。根据动机显著性假说，本文认为动机激励（或“欲求”）在控制行为方面比学习发挥着更直接的作用，并且奖励不确定性对动机激励具有兴奋作用。本文讨论了该效应的心理起源，并开发了一个整合这种新解释的计算模型。部分强化下CR的许多特征都源自该模型。
