Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael׳s Hospital, 70 Richmond St. E., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C1N8; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S3E2.
Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Center and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael׳s Hospital, 70 Richmond St. E., Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5C1N8.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2015 Jan 15;159:55-61. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.057. Epub 2014 Nov 4.
Ginsenosides are the proposed bioactive constituent of ginseng, especially for the attenuation of postprandial glycemia (PPG). The efficacious proportion of total and specific ginsenosides, remains unknown. Alcohol extraction of whole ginseng root can be used to selectively manipulate the ginsenoside profile with increasing alcohol concentrations producing high yields of total ginsenosides and varying their individual proportions.
We aimed to compare the acute efficacy of different ethanol-extraction preparations of American ginseng (AG) and Korean red ginseng (KRG), with their whole-root origins, on PPG and insulin parameters in healthy adults.
Following an overnight fast, 13 healthy individuals (Gender: 5M:8F, with mean ± SD, age: 28.9 ± 9.2 years, BMI: 26.3 ± 2.7 kg/m(2) and fasting plasma glucose: 4.21 ± 0.04 mmol/L) randomly received 3g of each of the following 10 different ginseng treatments on separate visits: whole root KRG and AG; 30%, 50% or 70% ethanol extracts of KRG and AG and 2 cornstarch placebos. Treatments were consumed 40 min prior to a 50 g oral glucose challenge test with capillary blood samples collected at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 min. Insulin samples were collected at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min.
There was no difference in attenuation of PPG among the tested ginseng preparations. Measures of Insulin Sensitivity Index (ISI) showed increased insulin sensitivity (IS) with KRG-30% and AG-50% extracts compared to placebo (p<0.05).
The insulin sensitizing effects of KRG-30% and AG-50% extracts suggest that other root parts, including other ginsenosides not typically measured, may influence PPG and insulin parameters. There is potential for AG and KRG extracts to modulate IS, an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes.
人参中的生物活性成分被认为是人参皂苷，特别是可以降低餐后血糖（PPG）。总人参皂苷和特定人参皂苷的有效比例尚不清楚。全人参根的酒精提取可用于选择性地操纵人参皂苷谱，随着酒精浓度的增加，总人参皂苷的产量增加，其各自的比例也会发生变化。
我们旨在比较不同乙醇提取的西洋参（AG）和红参（KRG）制剂及其全根起源品对健康成年人 PPG 和胰岛素参数的急性疗效。
在禁食过夜后，13 名健康个体（性别：5M：8F，平均年龄±标准差为 28.9±9.2 岁，BMI：26.3±2.7kg/m2，空腹血糖：4.21±0.04mmol/L）在不同时间随机接受以下 10 种不同的人参处理的 3g：全根 KRG 和 AG；KRG 和 AG 的 30%、50%或 70%乙醇提取物以及 2 份玉米淀粉安慰剂。在口服 50g 葡萄糖负荷试验前 40 分钟给予处理，在基线、15、30、45、60、90 和 120 分钟时采集毛细血管血样。在 0、30、60 和 120 分钟时采集胰岛素样本。
在所测试的人参制剂中，对 PPG 的抑制作用没有差异。胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）的测量结果显示，与安慰剂相比，KRG-30%和 AG-50%提取物增加了胰岛素敏感性（IS）（p<0.05）。
KRG-30%和 AG-50%提取物的胰岛素增敏作用表明，其他根部分，包括通常不测量的其他人参皂苷，可能会影响 PPG 和胰岛素参数。AG 和 KRG 提取物有可能调节 IS，IS 是 2 型糖尿病的独立预测因子。
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