Milanović Zoran, Sporiš Goran, Trajković Nebojsa, Sekulić Damir, James Nic, Vučković Goran
Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Nis, Nis, Serbia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
Hum Mov Sci. 2014 Dec;38:197-208. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2014.09.005. Epub 2014 Nov 9.
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a 12 week speed, agility and quickness (SAQ) training program on speed and flexibility in young soccer players. One hundred and thirty-two soccer players were randomly assigned to experimental (EG; n=66, mean±SD: age: 18.5±0.4 years (range 17-19 years); body mass: 71.30±5.93 kg; stature: 177.2±6.5 cm) and control groups (CG; n=66, mean±SD: age: 18.6±0.6 years (range 17-19 years); body mass: 70.63±4.87 kg; stature: 175.9±5.7 cm). The experimental group performed SAQ training whilst the control group undertook straight-line sprint training matched for volume and duration. Sprint performance was assessed using 5 and 10 m sprints and a further test including maximal speed, a 20 m sprint. Flexibility was assessed using sit and reach, V-sit and reach, leg lift from supine position and lateral leg lift while lying on the side tests. Sprints over 5, 10 and 20 m did not differ between groups at baseline, but by week 12, the 5m sprint had significantly improved (P<.05) in the SAQ training group compared to the control group (1.40±0.13 vs. 1.46±0.12s, respectively) although this improvement had a trivial effect size (ES=0.15). The 10 m sprint time had improved by 3.3% (P<.01) in the SAQ group with a moderate effect size (ES=0.66). No significant differences (P>.05) for all flexibility tests were found between experimental and control group at baseline and after the training programs. Consequently SAQ training was found to be an effective way of improving sprint time for short distances over 5 and 10 m but not over 20 m (where maximum speed was achieved) or flexibility. These results indicate that SAQ training may be more effective for improving sprint performance for some soccer players but more research is required to determine ideal training methods for improving acceleration and flexibility in young soccer players.
本研究的目的是确定一项为期12周的速度、敏捷性和快速动作（SAQ）训练计划对年轻足球运动员速度和灵活性的影响。132名足球运动员被随机分为实验组（EG；n = 66，均值±标准差：年龄：18.5±0.4岁（范围17 - 19岁）；体重：71.30±5.93千克；身高：177.2±6.5厘米）和对照组（CG；n = 66，均值±标准差：年龄：18.6±0.6岁（范围17 - 19岁）；体重：70.63±4.87千克；身高：175.9±5.7厘米）。实验组进行SAQ训练，而对照组进行直线冲刺训练，训练量和持续时间相匹配。使用5米和10米短跑以及包括最大速度、20米短跑的进一步测试来评估短跑成绩。使用坐位体前屈、V字坐位体前屈、仰卧抬腿和侧卧抬腿测试来评估灵活性。5米、10米和20米短跑在基线时两组之间没有差异，但到第12周时，与对照组相比，SAQ训练组的5米短跑有显著改善（P <.05）（分别为1.40±0.13秒和1.46±0.12秒），尽管这种改善的效应量很小（ES = 0.15）。SAQ组的10米短跑时间改善了3.3%（P <.01），效应量中等（ES = 0.66）。在基线和训练计划后，实验组和对照组在所有灵活性测试中均未发现显著差异（P >.05）。因此，发现SAQ训练是提高5米和10米短距离短跑时间的有效方法，但对20米短跑（达到最大速度）或灵活性无效。这些结果表明，SAQ训练可能对一些足球运动员提高短跑成绩更有效，但需要更多研究来确定改善年轻足球运动员加速和灵活性的理想训练方法。
