Koike Takahiko, Tanabe Hiroki C, Sadato Norihiro
Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
Division of Psychology, Department of Social and Human Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of Cerebral Research, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan.
Neurosci Res. 2015 Jan;90:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2014.11.006. Epub 2014 Dec 10.
Using a technique for measuring brain activity simultaneously from two people, known as hyperscanning, we can calculate inter-brain neural effects that appear only in interactions between individuals. Hyperscanning studies using fMRI are advantageous in that they can precisely determine the region(s) involved in inter-brain effects. However, it is almost impossible to record inter-brain effects in daily life. By contrast, hyperscanning EEG studies have high temporal resolution and could be used to capture moment-to-moment interactions. In addition, EEG instrumentation is portable and easy to wear, offering the opportunity to record inter-brain effects during daily-life interactions. However, the disadvantage of this approach is that it is difficult to localize the epicenter of the inter-brain effect. fNIRS has better temporal resolution and portability than fMRI, but has limited spatial resolution and a limited ability to record deep brain structures. Future studies should employ hyperscanning EEG-fMRI, because this approach combines the high temporal resolution of EEG with the high spatial resolution of fMRI. Hyperscanning EEG-fMRI allows us to use inter-brain effects as neuromarkers of the properties of social interactions in daily life. We also wish to emphasize the need to develop a mathematical model explaining how two brains can exhibit synchronized activity.
运用一种被称为超扫描的技术，可同时测量两个人的大脑活动，我们能够计算出仅在个体间互动中出现的脑间神经效应。使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）的超扫描研究具有优势，因为它们能够精确确定涉及脑间效应的区域。然而，在日常生活中几乎不可能记录脑间效应。相比之下，超扫描脑电图（EEG）研究具有较高的时间分辨率，可用于捕捉瞬间互动。此外，EEG仪器便于携带且易于佩戴，为在日常生活互动中记录脑间效应提供了机会。然而，这种方法的缺点是难以定位脑间效应的中心位置。功能性近红外光谱技术（fNIRS）比fMRI具有更好的时间分辨率和便携性，但空间分辨率有限，记录深部脑结构的能力也有限。未来的研究应采用超扫描EEG - fMRI，因为这种方法将EEG的高时间分辨率与fMRI的高空间分辨率结合起来。超扫描EEG - fMRI使我们能够将脑间效应用作日常生活中社会互动特性的神经标记物。我们还希望强调开发一个数学模型的必要性，该模型能够解释两个大脑如何呈现同步活动。
