不同种族大麻使用者中大麻使用的前因和后果：基于生态瞬时评估的分析
Antecedents and consequences of cannabis use among racially diverse cannabis users: an analysis from Ecological Momentary Assessment.
作者信息
Buckner Julia D, Zvolensky Michael J, Crosby Ross D, Wonderlich Stephen A, Ecker Anthony H, Richter Ashley
机构信息
Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, 236 Audubon Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA.
University of Houston, Department of Psychology, 126 Heyne Building, Houston, TX 77024, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Department of Behavioral Science, 1155 Pressler Street, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
出版信息
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2015 Feb 1;147:20-5. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.022. Epub 2014 Dec 31.
BACKGROUND
Cannabis remains the most commonly used illicit substance and use rates are rising. Notably, the prevalence of cannabis use disorders (CUD) nearly equals that of other illicit substance use disorders combined. Thus, the present study aimed to identify cognitive, affective, and situational predictors and consequences of ad-lib cannabis use in a racially diverse sample.
METHODS
The sample consisted of 93 current cannabis users (34.4% female; 57.1% non-Hispanic Caucasian), 87.1% of whom evinced a current CUD. Ecological Momentary Assessment was used to collect frequent ratings of cannabis withdrawal, craving, affect, cannabis use motives, and peer cannabis use over two weeks. Mixed effects linear models examined within- and between-day correlates and consequences of cannabis use.
RESULTS
Withdrawal and craving were higher on cannabis use days than non-use days. Withdrawal, craving, and positive and negative affect were higher immediately prior to cannabis use compared to non-use episodes. Withdrawal and craving were higher among those who subsequently used cannabis than those who did not. Cannabis use resulted in less subsequent withdrawal, craving, and negative affect. Enhancement and coping motives were the most common reasons cited for use. Withdrawal and negative affect were related to using cannabis for coping motives and social motives. Participants were most likely to use cannabis if others were using, and withdrawal and craving were greater in social situations when others were using.
CONCLUSIONS
Data support the contention that cannabis withdrawal and craving and affect and peer use play important roles in the maintenance of cannabis use.
背景
大麻仍然是最常用的非法物质，且使用率正在上升。值得注意的是，大麻使用障碍（CUD）的患病率几乎等同于其他非法物质使用障碍的患病率总和。因此，本研究旨在确定在一个种族多样化样本中随意使用大麻的认知、情感和情境预测因素及后果。
方法
样本包括93名当前的大麻使用者（34.4%为女性；57.1%为非西班牙裔白人），其中87.1%目前患有CUD。采用生态瞬时评估法，在两周内收集对大麻戒断、渴望、情绪、大麻使用动机以及同伴大麻使用情况的频繁评分。混合效应线性模型检验了大麻使用在日内和日间的相关因素及后果。
结果
使用大麻的日子里，戒断和渴望程度高于不使用的日子。与未使用大麻的时段相比，在即将使用大麻之前，戒断、渴望以及积极和消极情绪更为强烈。随后使用大麻的人比未使用大麻的人戒断和渴望程度更高。大麻使用导致随后的戒断、渴望和消极情绪减少。增强和应对动机是使用大麻最常见的原因。戒断和消极情绪与出于应对动机和社交动机使用大麻有关。如果其他人在使用大麻，参与者使用大麻的可能性最大，并且在他人使用大麻的社交场合中，戒断和渴望更为强烈。
结论
数据支持这样的观点，即大麻戒断、渴望、情绪以及同伴使用在大麻使用的维持中起重要作用。
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