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在欧洲,替考拉宁的临床定位。

The clinical positioning of telavancin in Europe.

机构信息

Institute of Healthcare Associated Infection, University of the West of Scotland, University Hospital Crosshouse, 56A Lister Street, Kilmarnock KA2 0BB, UK.

Department of Pathology and Diagnostics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.

出版信息

Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2015 Mar;45(3):213-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.006. Epub 2014 Dec 24.

Abstract

Telavancin was the first marketed lipoglycopeptide. Although licensed in Europe in 2011 for the treatment of nosocomial pneumonia caused by meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), it did not become clinically available until March 2014. Given the limited clinical experience with telavancin in Europe, this review provides an overview of its antimicrobial and clinical activity as well as its position among today's antimicrobials, with particular focus on the implications of its licensing requirements. Telavancin has potent in vitro activity against isolates of Gram-positive pathogens, including MRSA and glycopeptide-intermediate S. aureus strains. In addition, at clinically attainable doses telavancin inhibits Gram-positive isolates of antibiotic-resistant strains from biofilm models. The in vitro potency of telavancin has been corroborated in the clinical setting. Comparative clinical studies of telavancin demonstrate non-inferiority compared with vancomycin in the treatment of hospital-acquired Gram-positive pneumonia, with high cure rates for telavancin-treated patients with monomicrobial S. aureus infection, including isolates with reduced vancomycin susceptibility. These studies also demonstrate an overall similar safety profile for telavancin and vancomycin, although importantly, patients with moderate-to-severe renal impairment at baseline are at greater risk for mortality with telavancin and this feature must be taken into account when selecting patients for its usage. In Europe, telavancin is a useful alternative for patients with difficult-to-treat, hospital-acquired MRSA pneumonia when there are very few alternatives. For example, it should be considered in such patients when vancomycin and linezolid are not suitable and where renal function permits.

摘要

替拉万星是第一个上市的糖肽类抗生素。虽然该药于 2011 年在欧洲获得批准,用于治疗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)引起的医院获得性肺炎,但直到 2014 年 3 月才在临床上应用。鉴于欧洲替拉万星的临床应用经验有限,本文综述了其抗菌和临床活性及其在当今抗菌药物中的地位,特别关注其许可要求的影响。替拉万星对革兰阳性病原体分离株具有强大的体外活性,包括 MRSA 和糖肽中介金黄色葡萄球菌株。此外,在临床可达到的剂量下,替拉万星可抑制来自生物膜模型的抗生素耐药革兰阳性分离株。替拉万星的体外效力在临床环境中得到了证实。替拉万星与万古霉素治疗医院获得性革兰阳性肺炎的比较临床研究表明,替拉万星非劣效于万古霉素,替拉万星治疗单一致病菌感染的患者,包括对万古霉素敏感性降低的分离株,治愈率高。这些研究还表明,替拉万星和万古霉素的总体安全性相似,尽管重要的是,基线时存在中度至重度肾功能损害的患者使用替拉万星的死亡率更高,在选择患者使用该药时必须考虑到这一特征。在欧洲,当治疗耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌引起的医院获得性肺炎的选择很少时,替拉万星是一种有用的替代药物。例如,当万古霉素和利奈唑胺不适用且肾功能允许时,应考虑将其用于此类患者。

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