坦桑尼亚通比和多多马医院医护人员职业性接触艾滋病毒的知晓情况：一项横断面研究
Knowledge of occupational exposure to HIV: a cross sectional study of healthcare workers in Tumbi and Dodoma hospitals, Tanzania.
作者信息
Mashoto Kijakazi Obed, Mubyazi Godfrey Martin, Mushi Adiel K
机构信息
National Institute for Medical Research, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
Tanzania National Health Research Forum, P.O. Box 9653, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
出版信息
BMC Health Serv Res. 2015 Jan 22;15:29. doi: 10.1186/s12913-015-0700-z.
BACKGROUND
Insufficient knowledge on blood-borne pathogens has been identified as a factor that influences occupational exposure to needle stick and sharps injuries. The objective of this study was to assess healthcare workers' knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV.
METHODS
A cross sectional survey was conducted at Tumbi designated regional hospital and Dodoma regional hospital, Tanzania in February 2012. A self-administered questionnaire was used to capture information on knowledge of occupational exposure to HIV infection.
RESULTS
A total of 401 healthcare workers responded to a self-administered questionnaire. High proportion of healthcare workers (96.3%) understood that they are at risk of occupational exposure to HIV. The majority of healthcare workers trained on post exposure prophylaxis procedure and use of personal protective equipment were clinicians (87.1% and 71.4% respectively) and nurses (81.8% and 74.6% respectively). Over a quarter of the healthcare workers were not aware of whom to contact in the event of occupational exposure. One third of healthcare workers did not have comprehensive knowledge on causes of occupational HIV transmission and did not know when post exposure prophylaxis is indicated. Healthcare workers not trained on the use of person protective equipment were less likely to have comprehensive knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV (OR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.3 - 0.9). Knowledge on causes of occupational exposure varied with the cadre of healthcare workers. Nurses were more likely to have comprehensive knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV than non-clinical staff (OR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.5 - 4.5).
CONCLUSION
A substantial proportion of studied healthcare workers had little knowledge on occupational exposure to HIV and was not aware of a contact person in the event of occupational exposure to HIV. Training on post exposure prophylaxis and infection prevention and control including the use of person protective equipment provided to nurses and clinicians should be extended to other clinical and non-clinical hospital staff.
背景
对血源性病原体的认识不足已被确定为影响职业暴露于针刺和锐器伤的一个因素。本研究的目的是评估医护人员对职业暴露于艾滋病毒的认识。
方法
2012年2月在坦桑尼亚的通比指定地区医院和多多马地区医院进行了一项横断面调查。使用自填式问卷收集有关职业暴露于艾滋病毒感染知识的信息。
结果
共有401名医护人员对自填式问卷做出了回应。很大比例的医护人员（96.3%）明白他们有职业暴露于艾滋病毒的风险。接受过暴露后预防程序和个人防护设备使用培训的医护人员中，大多数是临床医生（分别为87.1%和71.4%）和护士（分别为81.8%和74.6%）。超过四分之一的医护人员不知道在发生职业暴露时应联系谁。三分之一的医护人员对职业性艾滋病毒传播的原因没有全面的了解，也不知道何时需要进行暴露后预防。未接受过个人防护设备使用培训的医护人员对职业暴露于艾滋病毒的全面了解可能性较小（比值比=0.5；95%置信区间0.3 - 0.9）。关于职业暴露原因的知识因医护人员的类别而异。护士比非临床工作人员更有可能对职业暴露于艾滋病毒有全面的了解（比值比=2.6；95%置信区间1.5 - 4.5）。
结论
很大一部分参与研究的医护人员对职业暴露于艾滋病毒的知识了解甚少，并且在发生职业暴露于艾滋病毒时不知道联系谁。应将包括向护士和临床医生提供个人防护设备在内的暴露后预防以及感染预防和控制培训扩展到其他临床和非临床医院工作人员。
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