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物体识别中的内在特征与情境特征。

Intrinsic and contextual features in object recognition.

作者信息

Schlangen Derrick, Barenholtz Elan

机构信息

Psychology Department, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA.

出版信息

J Vis. 2015 Jan 28;15(1):15.1.28. doi: 10.1167/15.1.28.

Abstract

The context in which an object is found can facilitate its recognition. Yet, it is not known how effective this contextual information is relative to the object's intrinsic visual features, such as color and shape. To address this, we performed four experiments using rendered scenes with novel objects. In each experiment, participants first performed a visual search task, searching for a uniquely shaped target object whose color and location within the scene was experimentally manipulated. We then tested participants' tendency to use their knowledge of the location and color information in an identification task when the objects' images were degraded due to blurring, thus eliminating the shape information. In Experiment 1, we found that, in the absence of any diagnostic intrinsic features, participants identified objects based purely on their locations within the scene. In Experiment 2, we found that participants combined an intrinsic feature, color, with contextual location in order to uniquely specify an object. In Experiment 3, we found that when an object's color and location information were in conflict, participants identified the object using both sources of information equally. Finally, in Experiment 4, we found that participants used whichever source of information-either color or location-was more statistically reliable in order to identify the target object. Overall, these experiments show that the context in which objects are found can play as important a role as intrinsic features in identifying the objects.

摘要

发现物体的环境有助于对其进行识别。然而,相对于物体的内在视觉特征(如颜色和形状),这种上下文信息的有效性尚不清楚。为了解决这个问题,我们使用带有新颖物体的渲染场景进行了四项实验。在每个实验中,参与者首先执行一项视觉搜索任务,搜索一个形状独特的目标物体,其在场景中的颜色和位置是经过实验操控的。然后,当物体的图像因模糊而退化,从而消除形状信息时,我们测试了参与者在识别任务中运用位置和颜色信息知识的倾向。在实验1中,我们发现,在没有任何诊断性内在特征的情况下,参与者纯粹根据物体在场景中的位置来识别物体。在实验2中,我们发现参与者将内在特征颜色与上下文位置相结合,以便唯一地确定一个物体。在实验3中,我们发现当物体的颜色和位置信息冲突时,参与者会平等地使用这两种信息来源来识别物体。最后,在实验4中,我们发现参与者会使用在统计上更可靠的信息来源(颜色或位置)来识别目标物体。总体而言,这些实验表明,发现物体的环境在识别物体时可以发挥与内在特征同样重要的作用。

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