教师活力——应对学术健康中心面临的挑战：对医学教师的全国性调查
Faculty Vitality-Surviving the Challenges Facing Academic Health Centers: A National Survey of Medical Faculty.
作者信息
Pololi Linda H, Evans Arthur T, Civian Janet T, Gibbs Brian K, Coplit Lisa D, Gillum Linda H, Brennan Robert T
机构信息
L.H. Pololi is director, National Initiative on Gender, Culture and Leadership in Medicine: C - Change, resident scholar, Women's Studies Research Center, and senior scientist, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. A.T. Evans is chief, Division of Hospital Medicine, and professor of medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York. J.T. Civian is senior analyst, Women's Studies Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts. B.K. Gibbs is associate vice chancellor for diversity, University of New Mexico Health Science Center, and assistant professor of family medicine, University of New Mexico Medical School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico. He was formerly at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland. L.D. Coplit is associate dean for faculty development and associate professor of medicine, Frank H. Netter, MD School of Medicine at Quinnipiac University, Bridgeport, Connecticut. L.H. Gillum is associate dean for academic and faculty affairs, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, Michigan. R.T. Brennan is research associate, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts.
出版信息
Acad Med. 2015 Jul;90(7):930-6. doi: 10.1097/ACM.0000000000000674.
PURPOSE
Faculty with high vitality are essential to the missions of academic health centers (AHCs). Because little is known about how to measure or enhance faculty vitality, the authors assessed current faculty vitality and identified its predictors.
METHOD
In a stratified random sample of 26 nationally representative U.S. AHCs, the authors surveyed 4,578 full-time faculty during 2007-2009. The validated survey measured detailed faculty perceptions of their professional experiences and organizational culture. Vitality was measured with a previously evaluated five-item scale.
RESULTS
Of the faculty invited, 2,381 (52%) responded, with 2,218 eligible for analysis. Respondents included 512 (23%) underrepresented in medicine minority (URMM) faculty and 1,172 (53%) women. In a multivariable model including individual- and AHC-level factors, the strongest predictors of vitality were faculty members' perceptions of four dimensions of AHC culture: Relationships/inclusion, Values alignment, Work-life integration, and Institutional support (all P < .001). Weaker predictors were faculty age, institution type (public/private), and the AHC's National Institutes of Health funding rank (all P ≤ .03). Half of the respondents scored high on vitality, whereas 25% had low, or suboptimal, scores. Holding perceptions of culture constant, neither female nor URMM faculty had vitality scores that were different on average from male or nonminority faculty.
CONCLUSIONS
A large percentage of faculty lack the vitality essential to meeting the AHC missions of discovery, education, and patient care. Enhancing faculty vitality, and AHC resilience, requires more attention to strengthening relationships, improving the misalignment between faculty and institutional values, and improving work-life integration.
目的
具有高活力的教职员工对于学术健康中心（AHCs）的使命至关重要。由于对于如何衡量或提高教职员工活力知之甚少，作者评估了当前教职员工的活力并确定了其预测因素。
方法
在对26个具有全国代表性的美国AHCs进行分层随机抽样中，作者在2007 - 2009年期间对4578名全职教职员工进行了调查。经过验证的调查测量了教职员工对其专业经历和组织文化的详细看法。活力用先前评估的一个包含五个条目的量表进行测量。
结果
在受邀的教职员工中，2381人（52%）做出了回应，其中2218人符合分析条件。受访者包括512名（23%）医学领域代表性不足的少数族裔（URMM）教职员工和1172名（53%）女性。在一个包含个人层面和AHC层面因素的多变量模型中，活力的最强预测因素是教职员工对AHC文化四个维度的看法：关系/包容、价值观契合、工作与生活的融合以及机构支持（所有P < .001）。较弱的预测因素是教职员工年龄、机构类型（公立/私立）以及AHC的美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）资金排名（所有P ≤ .03）。一半的受访者活力得分较高，而25%的受访者得分较低或不理想。在文化认知不变的情况下，女性和URMM教职员工的活力得分平均与男性或非少数族裔教职员工没有差异。
结论
很大一部分教职员工缺乏实现AHC发现、教育和患者护理使命所必需的活力。提高教职员工活力以及AHC的适应力需要更加关注加强人际关系、改善教职员工与机构价值观之间的不一致以及改善工作与生活的融合。
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