Juth Vanessa, Smyth Joshua M, Carey Michael P, Lepore Stephen J
The Pennsylvania State University, USA.
The Miriam Hospital and Brown University, USA.
Appl Psychol Health Well Being. 2015 Jul;7(2):129-48. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12041. Epub 2015 Feb 24.
Losing a loved one is a normative life event, yet there is great variability in subsequent interpersonal experiences and adjustment. The Social-Cognitive Processing (SCP) model suggests that social constraints (i.e. limited opportunities to disclose thoughts and feelings in a supportive context) impede emotional and cognitive processing of stressful life events, which may lead to maladjustment. This study investigates personal and loss-related correlates of social constraints during bereavement, the links between social constraints and post-loss adjustment, and whether social constraints moderate the relations between loss-related intrusive thoughts and adjustment. A community sample of bereaved individuals (n = 238) provided demographic and loss-related information and reported on their social constraints, loss-related intrusions, and psychological and physical adjustment. Women, younger people, and those with greater financial concerns reported more social constraints. Social constraints were significantly associated with more depressive symptoms, perceived stress, somatic symptoms, and worse global health. Individuals with high social constraints and high loss-related intrusions had the highest depressive symptoms and perceived life stress. Consistent with the SCP model, loss-related social constraints are associated with poorer adjustment, especially psychological adjustment. In particular, experiencing social constraints in conjunction with loss-related intrusions may heighten the risk for poor psychological health.
失去亲人是人生中的正常事件，但随后的人际关系体验和适应情况却存在很大差异。社会认知加工（SCP）模型表明，社会限制（即在支持性环境中披露想法和感受的机会有限）会阻碍对压力性生活事件的情感和认知加工，这可能导致适应不良。本研究调查了丧亲期间社会限制的个人及与丧亲相关的相关因素、社会限制与丧亲后适应之间的联系，以及社会限制是否调节了与丧亲相关的侵入性想法和适应之间的关系。一个丧亲个体的社区样本（n = 238）提供了人口统计学和与丧亲相关的信息，并报告了他们的社会限制、与丧亲相关的侵入性想法以及心理和身体适应情况。女性、年轻人以及经济担忧较大的人报告的社会限制更多。社会限制与更多的抑郁症状、感知压力、躯体症状以及更差的总体健康状况显著相关。社会限制高且与丧亲相关的侵入性想法多的个体，其抑郁症状和感知到的生活压力最高。与SCP模型一致，与丧亲相关的社会限制与较差的适应相关，尤其是心理适应。特别是，与丧亲相关的侵入性想法同时经历社会限制可能会增加心理健康不佳的风险。
