室内灰尘中环硅氧烷和线性硅氧烷的调查及其对 12 个国家人类暴露的影响。
A survey of cyclic and linear siloxanes in indoor dust and their implications for human exposures in twelve countries.
机构信息
Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, State University of New York at Albany, Empire State Plaza, P.O. Box 509, Albany, NY 12201-0509, United States; Faculty of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hoan Kiem, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Bioactive Natural Products Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
出版信息
Environ Int. 2015 May;78:39-44. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.02.011. Epub 2015 Mar 5.
Siloxanes are used widely in a variety of consumer products, including cosmetics, personal care products, medical and electrical devices, cookware, and building materials. Nevertheless, little is known on the occurrence of siloxanes in indoor dust. In this survey, five cyclic (D3-D7) and 11 linear (L4-L14) siloxanes were determined in 310 indoor dust samples collected from 12 countries. Dust samples collected from Greece contained the highest concentrations of total cyclic siloxanes (TCSi), ranging from 118 to 25,100ng/g (median: 1380), and total linear siloxanes (TLSi), ranging from 129 to 4990ng/g (median: 772). The median total siloxane (TSi) concentrations in dust samples from 12 countries were in the following decreasing order: Greece (2970ng/g), Kuwait (2400), South Korea (1810), Japan (1500), the USA (1220), China (1070), Romania (538), Colombia (230), Vietnam (206), Saudi Arabia (132), India (116), and Pakistan (68.3). TLSi concentrations as high as 42,800ng/g (Kuwait) and TCSi concentrations as high as 25,000ng/g (Greece) were found in indoor dust samples. Among the 16 siloxanes determined, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5) was found at the highest concentration in dust samples from all countries, except for Japan and South Korea, with a predominance of L11; Kuwait, with L10; and Pakistan and Romania, with L12. The composition profiles of 16 siloxanes in dust samples varied by country. TCSi accounted for a major proportion of TSi concentrations in dust collected from Colombia (90%), India (80%) and Saudi Arabia (70%), whereas TLSi predominated in samples collected from Japan (89%), Kuwait (85%), and South Korea (78%). Based on the measured median TSi concentrations in indoor dust, we estimated human exposure doses through indoor dust ingestion for various age groups. The exposure doses ranged from 0.27 to 11.9ng/kg-bw/d for toddlers and 0.06 to 2.48ng/kg-bw/d for adults.
硅氧烷被广泛应用于各种消费品，包括化妆品、个人护理产品、医疗和电器设备、炊具和建筑材料。然而，人们对室内灰尘中硅氧烷的存在知之甚少。在这项调查中，我们在 310 个来自 12 个国家的室内灰尘样本中测定了 5 种环状（D3-D7）和 11 种线状（L4-L14）硅氧烷。从希腊收集的灰尘样本中含有最高浓度的总环状硅氧烷（TCSi），范围从 118 到 25,100ng/g（中位数：1380）和总线状硅氧烷（TLSi），范围从 129 到 4990ng/g（中位数：772）。来自 12 个国家的灰尘样本中总硅氧烷（TSi）的中位数浓度依次为：希腊（2970ng/g）、科威特（2400）、韩国（1810）、日本（1500）、美国（1220）、中国（1070）、罗马尼亚（538）、哥伦比亚（230）、越南（206）、沙特阿拉伯（132）、印度（116）和巴基斯坦（68.3）。在室内灰尘样本中发现了高达 42,800ng/g（科威特）的 TLSi 浓度和高达 25,000ng/g（希腊）的 TCSi 浓度。在所测定的 16 种硅氧烷中，除了日本和韩国，所有国家的灰尘样本中均以十甲基环五硅氧烷（D5）的浓度最高，除了科威特，其他国家均以 L11 为主；科威特则以 L10 为主；而巴基斯坦和罗马尼亚则以 L12 为主。16 种硅氧烷在灰尘样本中的组成谱因国家而异。TCSi 占哥伦比亚（90%）、印度（80%）和沙特阿拉伯（70%）采集的灰尘中 TSi 浓度的主要部分，而 TLSi 则在日本（89%）、科威特（85%）和韩国（78%）采集的样本中占主导地位。基于室内灰尘中测定的中位数 TSi 浓度，我们估计了不同年龄组通过室内灰尘摄入的人体暴露剂量。暴露剂量范围为幼儿的 0.27 到 11.9ng/kg-bw/d 和成人的 0.06 到 2.48ng/kg-bw/d。
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