Scott Rizaldy P, Quaggin Susan E
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611
Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611.
J Cell Biol. 2015 Apr 27;209(2):199-210. doi: 10.1083/jcb.201410017.
The function of the kidney, filtering blood and concentrating metabolic waste into urine, takes place in an intricate and functionally elegant structure called the renal glomerulus. Normal glomerular function retains circulating cells and valuable macromolecular components of plasma in blood, resulting in urine with just trace amounts of proteins. Endothelial cells of glomerular capillaries, the podocytes wrapped around them, and the fused extracellular matrix these cells form altogether comprise the glomerular filtration barrier, a dynamic and highly selective filter that sieves on the basis of molecular size and electrical charge. Current understanding of the structural organization and the cellular and molecular basis of renal filtration draws from studies of human glomerular diseases and animal models of glomerular dysfunction.
肾脏的功能是过滤血液并将代谢废物浓缩成尿液，这一过程发生在一个复杂且功能精巧的结构——肾小体中。正常的肾小球功能可使循环细胞和血浆中有价值的大分子成分保留在血液中，从而使尿液中仅有微量蛋白质。肾小球毛细血管的内皮细胞、包裹在其周围的足细胞以及这些细胞共同形成的融合细胞外基质，共同构成了肾小球滤过屏障，这是一个动态且高度选择性的过滤器，它根据分子大小和电荷进行筛选。目前对肾脏滤过的结构组织以及细胞和分子基础的理解，源于对人类肾小球疾病和肾小球功能障碍动物模型的研究。
