Chen C-Y Oliver, Holbrook Monika, Duess Mai-Ann, Dohadwala Mustali M, Hamburg Naomi M, Asztalos Bela F, Milbury Paul E, Blumberg Jeffrey B, Vita Joseph A
Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA.
Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Nutr J. 2015 Jun 17;14:61. doi: 10.1186/s12937-015-0049-5.
Almonds reduce cardiovascular disease risk via cholesterol reduction, anti-inflammation, glucoregulation, and antioxidation. The objective of this randomized, controlled, cross-over trial was to determine whether the addition of 85 g almonds daily to a National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Step 1 diet (ALM) for 6 weeks would improve vascular function and inflammation in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).
A randomized, controlled, crossover trial was conducted in Boston, MA to test whether as compared to a control NCEP Step 1 diet absent nuts (CON), incorporation of almonds (85 g/day) into the CON diet (ALM) would improve vascular function and inflammation. The study duration was 22 weeks including a 6-weeks run-in period, two 6-weeks intervention phases, and a 4-weeks washout period between the intervention phases. A total of 45 CAD patients (27 F/18 M, 45-77 y, BMI = 20-41 kg/m(2)) completed the study. Drug therapies used by patients were stable throughout the duration of the trial.
The addition of almonds to the CON diet increased plasma α-tocopherol status by a mean of 5.8%, reflecting patient compliance (P ≤0.05). However, the ALM diet did not alter vascular function assessed by measures of flow-mediated dilation, peripheral arterial tonometry, and pulse wave velocity. Further, the ALM diet did not significantly modify the serum lipid profile, blood pressure, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α or E-selectin. The ALM diet tended to decrease vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 by 5.3% (P = 0.064) and increase urinary nitric oxide by 17.5% (P = 0.112). The ALM intervention improved the overall quality of the diet by increasing calcium, magnesium, choline, and fiber intakes above the Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) or Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA).
Thus, the addition of almonds to a NECP Step 1 diet did not significantly impact vascular function, lipid profile or systematic inflammation in CAD patients receiving good medical care and polypharmacy therapies but did improve diet quality without any untoward effect.
The trial was registered with the ClinicalTrials.Gov with the identifier: NCT00782015.
杏仁可通过降低胆固醇、抗炎、调节血糖和抗氧化作用来降低心血管疾病风险。本随机对照交叉试验的目的是确定，对于冠状动脉疾病（CAD）患者，在国家胆固醇教育计划（NCEP）第一步饮食方案（对照组）基础上，每天添加85克杏仁（杏仁组），持续6周，是否会改善血管功能和炎症反应。
在马萨诸塞州波士顿进行了一项随机对照交叉试验，以测试与不含坚果的对照NCEP第一步饮食方案（对照组）相比，在对照饮食中加入杏仁（85克/天）（杏仁组）是否会改善血管功能和炎症反应。研究持续时间为22周，包括6周的导入期、两个6周的干预期以及干预期之间4周的洗脱期。共有45例CAD患者（27例女性/18例男性，45 - 77岁，BMI = 20 - 41 kg/m²）完成了研究。在整个试验期间，患者使用的药物治疗保持稳定。
在对照饮食中添加杏仁使血浆α - 生育酚水平平均提高了5.8%，这反映了患者的依从性（P≤0.05）。然而，杏仁组饮食并未改变通过血流介导的血管舒张、外周动脉张力测量和脉搏波速度等指标评估的血管功能。此外，杏仁组饮食并未显著改变血清脂质谱、血压、C反应蛋白、肿瘤坏死因子 - α或E选择素。杏仁组饮食倾向于使血管细胞黏附分子 - 1降低5.3%（P = 0.064），使尿一氧化氮增加17.5%（P = 0.112）。杏仁组干预通过使钙、镁、胆碱和纤维摄入量增加至高于估计平均需求量（EAR）或推荐膳食摄入量（RDA），改善了饮食的整体质量。
因此，对于接受良好医疗护理和多种药物治疗的CAD患者，在NECP第一步饮食方案中添加杏仁对血管功能、脂质谱或全身炎症反应没有显著影响，但确实改善了饮食质量且无任何不良影响。
该试验已在ClinicalTrials.Gov注册，标识符为：NCT00782015。
