美国儿科机构间转运系统劳动力调查

Tanem Justinn, Triscari David, Chan Melina, Meyer Michael T

From the *Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI; and †University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR.

Pediatr Emerg Care. 2016 Jun;32(6):364-70. doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000448.

OBJECTIVES

The interfacility transport of pediatric patients requires a highly skilled and well-trained workforce, of which little is known. The primary study purpose was to characterize the current state of pediatric interfacility transport in the United States including, but not limited to, which team models predominate, what team configurations are used, team training standards, and the use of quality assurance metrics.

METHODS

A descriptive and qualitative Web-based survey questionnaire was developed. Potential participants were identified, and 1 survey was completed per team.

RESULTS

In total, 179 teams with pediatric transport capabilities were identified, and 111 responses were recorded (response rate, 62%), of which dedicated teams comprised 77% and unit-based teams comprised 16%. Over 98% reported using a registered nurse as a team member, in comparison to 66% for respiratory therapists and 42% for paramedics. Less than 5% reported utilizing an associate level provider or physician for pediatric transports. The most common team composition was a registered nurse-respiratory therapist combination (30%). Over 55% of the respondents reported performing less than 500 pediatric transports per year. Quality assurance activities were performed by 96% of the respondents.

CONCLUSIONS

The team composition and training for interfacility transport of pediatric patients is a complex and not well-characterized process; furthermore, the varying organizational models, team composition, and training requirements for teams have not been previously reported. These results will aid in the future development of team standards for pediatric transport and help guide further improvements in this field.

目的

儿科患者的机构间转运需要一支技术精湛且训练有素的工作队伍，但对此了解甚少。主要研究目的是描述美国儿科机构间转运的现状，包括但不限于哪种团队模式占主导、使用何种团队配置、团队培训标准以及质量保证指标的使用情况。

方法

设计了一份基于网络的描述性定性调查问卷。确定了潜在参与者，每个团队完成一份调查问卷。

结果

总共识别出179个具备儿科转运能力的团队，记录到111份回复（回复率62%），其中专职团队占77%，基于科室的团队占16%。超过98%的团队报告称有注册护士作为团队成员，相比之下，呼吸治疗师占66%，护理人员占42%。不到5%的团队报告在儿科转运中使用助理级医疗人员或医生。最常见的团队组成是注册护士与呼吸治疗师的组合（30%）。超过55%的受访者报告称每年进行的儿科转运少于500次。96%的受访者开展了质量保证活动。