大学橄榄球运动中练习类型对头部撞击的影响。
Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football.
作者信息
Reynolds Bryson B, Patrie James, Henry Erich J, Goodkin Howard P, Broshek Donna K, Wintermark Max, Druzgal T Jason
机构信息
Department of Radiology and Medical Imaging;
Public Health Sciences;
出版信息
J Neurosurg. 2016 Feb;124(2):501-10. doi: 10.3171/2015.5.JNS15573. Epub 2015 Aug 4.
UNLABELLED
OBJECT IVE: This study directly compares the number and severity of subconcussive head impacts sustained during helmet-only practices, shell practices, full-pad practices, and competitive games in a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I-A football team. The goal of the study was to determine whether subconcussive head impact in collegiate athletes varies with practice type, which is currently unregulated by the NCAA.
METHODS
Over an entire season, a cohort of 20 collegiate football players wore impact-sensing mastoid patches that measured the linear and rotational acceleration of all head impacts during a total of 890 athletic exposures. Data were analyzed to compare the number of head impacts, head impact burden, and average impact severity during helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices, and games.
RESULTS
Helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices and games all significantly differed from each other (p ≤ 0.05) in the mean number of impacts for each event, with the number of impacts being greatest for games, then full-pad practices, then shell practices, and then helmet-only practices. The cumulative distributions for both linear and rotational acceleration differed between all event types (p < 0.01), with the acceleration distribution being similarly greatest for games, then full-pad practices, then shell practices, and then helmet-only practices. For both linear and rotational acceleration, helmet-only practices had a lower average impact severity when compared with other event types (p < 0.001). However, the average impact severity did not differ between any comparisons of shell and full-pad practices, and games.
CONCLUSIONS
Helmet-only, shell, and full-pad practices, and games result in distinct head impact profiles per event, with each succeeding event type receiving more impacts than the one before. Both the number of head impacts and cumulative impact burden during practice are categorically less than in games. In practice events, the number and cumulative burden of head impacts per event increases with the amount of equipment worn. The average severity of individual impacts is relatively consistent across event types, with the exception of helmet-only practices. The number of hits experienced during each event type is the main driver of event type differences in impact burden per athletic exposure, rather than the average severity of impacts that occur during the event. These findings suggest that regulation of practice equipment could be a fair and effective way to substantially reduce subconcussive head impact in thousands of collegiate football players.
未标注
目的：本研究直接比较了美国国家大学体育协会（NCAA）第一分区甲级橄榄球队在仅戴头盔训练、穿护肩训练、全副护具训练和比赛期间遭受的次脑震荡头部撞击的数量和严重程度。该研究的目的是确定大学运动员的次脑震荡头部撞击是否因训练类型而异，而目前NCAA对此并无相关规定。
方法
在整个赛季中，20名大学橄榄球运动员佩戴了撞击感应乳突贴片，这些贴片测量了总共890次体育活动中的所有头部撞击的线性和旋转加速度。对数据进行分析，以比较仅戴头盔训练、穿护肩训练、全副护具训练和比赛期间的头部撞击次数、头部撞击负荷以及平均撞击严重程度。
结果
仅戴头盔训练、穿护肩训练、全副护具训练和比赛在每个事件的平均撞击次数上均存在显著差异（p≤0.05），其中比赛的撞击次数最多，其次是全副护具训练，然后是穿护肩训练，最后是仅戴头盔训练。所有事件类型的线性和旋转加速度的累积分布均存在差异（p<0.01），加速度分布同样是比赛时最大，其次是全副护具训练，然后是穿护肩训练，最后是仅戴头盔训练。对于线性和旋转加速度而言，与其他事件类型相比，仅戴头盔训练的平均撞击严重程度较低（p<0.001）。然而，穿护肩训练和全副护具训练以及比赛之间的平均撞击严重程度并无差异。
结论
仅戴头盔训练、穿护肩训练、全副护具训练和比赛在每个事件中会导致不同的头部撞击情况，每一种后续的事件类型比前一种受到的撞击更多。训练期间的头部撞击次数和累积撞击负荷绝对低于比赛期间。在训练活动中，每次事件的头部撞击次数和累积负荷会随着所穿戴装备数量的增加而增加。除了仅戴头盔训练外，各事件类型中单次撞击的平均严重程度相对一致。每种事件类型中经历的撞击次数是每次体育活动中撞击负荷事件类型差异的主要驱动因素，而非事件期间发生撞击的平均严重程度。这些发现表明，对训练装备进行规范可能是大幅减少数千名大学橄榄球运动员次脑震荡头部撞击的一种公平且有效的方式。
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