Vanderwal Tamara, Kelly Clare, Eilbott Jeffrey, Mayes Linda C, Castellanos F Xavier
Yale Child Study Center, 230 South Frontage Road, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
The Child Study Center at New York University Langone Medical Center, 1 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016, USA.
Neuroimage. 2015 Nov 15;122:222-32. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.07.069. Epub 2015 Aug 1.
The examination of functional connectivity in fMRI data collected during task-free "rest" has provided a powerful tool for studying functional brain organization. Limitations of this approach include susceptibility to head motion artifacts and participant drowsiness or sleep. These issues are especially relevant when studying young children or clinical populations. Here we introduce a movie paradigm, Inscapes, that features abstract shapes without a narrative or scene-cuts. The movie was designed to provide enough stimulation to improve compliance related to motion and wakefulness while minimizing cognitive load during the collection of functional imaging data. We compare Inscapes to eyes-open rest and to age-appropriate movie clips in healthy adults (Ocean's Eleven, n=22) and a pilot sample of typically developing children ages 3-7 (Fantasia, n=13). Head motion was significantly lower during both movies relative to rest for both groups. In adults, movies decreased the number of participants who self-reported sleep. Intersubject correlations, used to quantify synchronized, task-evoked activity across movie and rest conditions in adults, involved less cortex during Inscapes than Ocean's Eleven. To evaluate the effect of movie-watching on intrinsic functional connectivity networks, we examined mean functional connectivity using both whole-brain functional parcellation and network-based approaches. Both inter- and intra-network metrics were more similar between Inscapes and Rest than between Ocean's Eleven and Rest, particularly in comparisons involving the default network. When comparing movies to Rest, the mean functional connectivity of somatomotor, visual and ventral attention networks differed significantly across various analyses. We conclude that low-demand movies like Inscapes may represent a useful intermediate condition between task-free rest and typical narrative movies while still improving participant compliance. Inscapes is publicly available for download at headspacestudios.org/inscapes.
对在无任务“静息”期间收集的功能磁共振成像(fMRI)数据中的功能连接性进行检查,为研究大脑功能组织提供了一个强大的工具。这种方法的局限性包括易受头部运动伪影以及参与者困倦或睡眠的影响。在研究幼儿或临床人群时,这些问题尤其突出。在此,我们引入一种电影范式“Inscapes”,其特点是具有抽象形状,没有故事情节或场景切换。该电影旨在提供足够的刺激,以提高与运动和清醒相关的依从性,同时在功能成像数据收集期间将认知负荷降至最低。我们将“Inscapes”与睁眼静息以及健康成年人(《十一罗汉》,n = 22)和3至7岁发育正常儿童的试点样本(《幻想曲》,n = 13)中适合其年龄的电影片段进行比较。两组在观看两部电影时的头部运动均显著低于静息时。在成年人中,电影减少了自我报告睡眠的参与者数量。用于量化成年人在电影和静息条件下同步的任务诱发活动的受试者间相关性,在观看“Inscapes”时涉及的皮层比观看《十一罗汉》时少。为了评估观看电影对内在功能连接网络的影响,我们使用全脑功能分区和基于网络的方法检查了平均功能连接性。在“Inscapes”和静息之间,网络间和网络内指标比在《十一罗汉》和静息之间更为相似,特别是在涉及默认网络的比较中。在将电影与静息进行比较时,在各种分析中,躯体运动、视觉和腹侧注意网络的平均功能连接性存在显著差异。我们得出结论,像“Inscapes”这样低需求的电影可能代表了无任务静息和典型叙事电影之间的一种有用的中间状态,同时仍能提高参与者的依从性。“Inscapes”可在headspacestudios.org/inscapes上公开下载。