Geology Department, South Valley University, Qena 83523, Egypt.
Center for Remote Sensing, Boston University, 725 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215-1401, USA.
J Adv Res. 2015 May;6(3):433-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2014.10.001. Epub 2014 Oct 19.
Despite the arid to hyperarid climate of the Great Sahara of North Africa, pluvial climates dominated the region. Radar data shed some light on the postulated Trans-African Drainage System and its relationship to active and inactive tributaries of the Nile basin. Interpretations of recent elevation data confirm a source of the river water from the Red Sea highlands did not connect the Atlantic Ocean across Tushka basin, highlands of Uwinate and Darfur, and Chad basin, but northward to the ancestral Nile Delta. Elements of topography and climate were considered. They show that the former segments of the Nile closely mirror present-day tributaries of the Nile basin in drainage geometry, landscape, and climate. A rainfall data interpolation scenario revealed that this basin received concurrent runoff from both flanks such as Gabgaba-Allaqi to the east and Tushka basin to the west, similar to present-day Sobat and White Nile tributaries, respectively. Overall the western tributaries such as those of Tushka basin and Howar lead to the Nile, which was (and still is) the biggest river system in Africa.
尽管北非的撒哈拉大沙漠气候干旱或极度干旱，但降雨气候占主导地位。雷达数据为假设的跨非排水系统及其与尼罗河盆地的活跃和不活跃支流的关系提供了一些线索。对最近海拔数据的解释证实，河水的源头并非来自红海高地，而是从大西洋经图什卡盆地、乌瓦纳特高地和达尔富尔高地、乍得盆地向北流，到达古尼罗三角洲。还考虑了地形和气候因素。结果表明，尼罗河的前几个河段在排水几何形状、景观和气候方面与现今尼罗河盆地的支流非常相似。降雨数据插值方案显示，该流域同时接收了来自东部加巴加-阿拉基和西部图什卡流域等两侧的径流，分别类似于现今的索巴特河和白尼罗河支流。总的来说，西部支流如图什卡流域和豪尔流域都流向尼罗河，尼罗河曾经（现在仍然是）非洲最大的水系。
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