Thurston George D, Ahn Jiyoung, Cromar Kevin R, Shao Yongzhao, Reynolds Harmony R, Jerrett Michael, Lim Chris C, Shanley Ryan, Park Yikyung, Hayes Richard B
Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, Tuxedo, New York, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Apr;124(4):484-90. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1509676. Epub 2015 Sep 15.
Outdoor fine particulate matter (≤ 2.5 μm; PM2.5) has been identified as a global health threat, but the number of large U.S. prospective cohort studies with individual participant data remains limited, especially at lower recent exposures.
We aimed to test the relationship between long-term exposure PM2.5 and death risk from all nonaccidental causes, cardiovascular (CVD), and respiratory diseases in 517,041 men and women enrolled in the National Institutes of Health-AARP cohort.
Individual participant data were linked with residence PM2.5 exposure estimates across the continental United States for a 2000-2009 follow-up period when matching census tract-level PM2.5 exposure data were available. Participants enrolled ranged from 50 to 71 years of age, residing in six U.S. states and two cities. Cox proportional hazard models yielded hazard ratio (HR) estimates per 10 μg/m3 of PM2.5 exposure.
PM2.5 exposure was significantly associated with total mortality (HR = 1.03; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.05) and CVD mortality (HR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.15), but the association with respiratory mortality was not statistically significant (HR = 1.05; 95% CI: 0.98, 1.13). A significant association was found with respiratory mortality only among never smokers (HR = 1.27; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.56). Associations with 10-μg/m3 PM2.5 exposures in yearly participant residential annual mean, or in metropolitan area-wide mean, were consistent with baseline exposure model results. Associations with PM2.5 were similar when adjusted for ozone exposures. Analyses of California residents alone also yielded statistically significant PM2.5 mortality HRs for total and CVD mortality.
Long-term exposure to PM2.5 air pollution was associated with an increased risk of total and CVD mortality, providing an independent test of the PM2.5-mortality relationship in a new large U.S. prospective cohort experiencing lower post-2000 PM2.5 exposure levels.
Thurston GD, Ahn J, Cromar KR, Shao Y, Reynolds HR, Jerrett M, Lim CC, Shanley R, Park Y, Hayes RB. 2016. Ambient particulate matter air pollution exposure and mortality in the NIH-AARP Diet and Health cohort. Environ Health Perspect 124:484-490; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509676.
室外细颗粒物（≤2.5μm；PM2.5）已被认定为对全球健康的一种威胁，但美国大型前瞻性队列研究中包含个体参与者数据的数量仍然有限，尤其是在近期较低暴露水平的情况下。
我们旨在检验国立卫生研究院 - 美国退休人员协会队列中517,041名男性和女性长期暴露于PM2.5与所有非意外原因、心血管疾病（CVD）和呼吸系统疾病死亡风险之间的关系。
在2000 - 2009年随访期间，当可获取匹配的普查区层面PM2.5暴露数据时，将个体参与者数据与美国大陆各地的居住地PM2.5暴露估计值相联系。登记的参与者年龄在50至71岁之间，居住在美国六个州和两个城市。Cox比例风险模型得出每10μg/m³ PM2.5暴露的风险比（HR）估计值。
PM2.5暴露与总死亡率（HR = 1.03；95%置信区间：1.00，1.05）和CVD死亡率（HR = 1.10；95%置信区间：1.05，1.15）显著相关，但与呼吸疾病死亡率的关联无统计学意义（HR = 1.05；95%置信区间：0.98，1.13）。仅在从不吸烟者中发现与呼吸疾病死亡率存在显著关联（HR = 1.27；95%置信区间：1.03，1.56）。参与者年度居住地年均值或大都市地区均值中每10μg/m³ PM2.5暴露的关联与基线暴露模型结果一致。调整臭氧暴露后，与PM2.5的关联相似。仅对加利福尼亚州居民进行分析时，也得出了PM2.5暴露导致总死亡率和CVD死亡率的HR具有统计学意义。
长期暴露于PM2.5空气污染与总死亡率和CVD死亡率风险增加相关，这为2000年后经历较低PM2.5暴露水平的美国一个新的大型前瞻性队列中PM2.5与死亡率关系提供了独立检验。
瑟斯顿·G·D、安·J、克罗玛·K·R、邵·Y、雷诺兹·H·R、杰勒特·M、林·C·C、沙利·R、朴·Y、海斯·R·B。2016年。国立卫生研究院 - 美国退休人员协会饮食与健康队列中的环境颗粒物空气污染暴露与死亡率。《环境健康展望》124：484 - 490；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1509676 。
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