技术说明：定制3D打印多模态成像体模的特性描述

Technical Note: Characterization of custom 3D printed multimodality imaging phantoms.

作者信息

Bieniosek Matthew F, Lee Brian J, Levin Craig S

机构信息

Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, California 94305.

Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, 440 Escondido Mall, Stanford, California 94305.

出版信息

Med Phys. 2015 Oct;42(10):5913-8. doi: 10.1118/1.4930803.

DOI:10.1118/1.4930803

PMID:26429265

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4575317/

Abstract

PURPOSE

Imaging phantoms are important tools for researchers and technicians, but they can be costly and difficult to customize. Three dimensional (3D) printing is a widely available rapid prototyping technique that enables the fabrication of objects with 3D computer generated geometries. It is ideal for quickly producing customized, low cost, multimodal, reusable imaging phantoms. This work validates the use of 3D printed phantoms by comparing CT and PET scans of a 3D printed phantom and a commercial "Micro Deluxe" phantom. This report also presents results from a customized 3D printed PET/MRI phantom, and a customized high resolution imaging phantom with sub-mm features.

METHODS

CT and PET scans of a 3D printed phantom and a commercial Micro Deluxe (Data Spectrum Corporation, USA) phantom with 1.2, 1.6, 2.4, 3.2, 4.0, and 4.8 mm diameter hot rods were acquired. The measured PET and CT rod sizes, activities, and attenuation coefficients were compared. A PET/MRI scan of a custom 3D printed phantom with hot and cold rods was performed, with photon attenuation and normalization measurements performed with a separate 3D printed normalization phantom. X-ray transmission scans of a customized two level high resolution 3D printed phantom with sub-mm features were also performed.

RESULTS

Results show very good agreement between commercial and 3D printed micro deluxe phantoms with less than 3% difference in CT measured rod diameter, less than 5% difference in PET measured rod diameter, and a maximum of 6.2% difference in average rod activity from a 10 min, 333 kBq/ml (9 μCi/ml) Siemens Inveon (Siemens Healthcare, Germany) PET scan. In all cases, these differences were within the measurement uncertainties of our setups. PET/MRI scans successfully identified 3D printed hot and cold rods on PET and MRI modalities. X-ray projection images of a 3D printed high resolution phantom identified features as small as 350 μm wide.

CONCLUSIONS

This work shows that 3D printed phantoms can be functionally equivalent to commercially available phantoms. They are a viable option for quickly distributing and fabricating low cost, customized phantoms.

摘要

目的

成像体模是研究人员和技术人员的重要工具，但成本高昂且难以定制。三维（3D）打印是一种广泛应用的快速成型技术，能够制造出具有3D计算机生成几何形状的物体。它非常适合快速生产定制的、低成本的、多模态的、可重复使用的成像体模。本研究通过比较3D打印体模和商业“Micro Deluxe”体模的CT和PET扫描结果，验证了3D打印体模的实用性。本报告还展示了定制的3D打印PET/MRI体模以及具有亚毫米特征的定制高分辨率成像体模的结果。

方法

对一个3D打印体模和一个商业Micro Deluxe（美国Data Spectrum Corporation公司）体模进行CT和PET扫描，该商业体模带有直径为1.2、1.6、2.4、3.2、4.0和4.8毫米的热棒。比较所测量的PET和CT棒尺寸、活性以及衰减系数。对一个带有热棒和冷棒的定制3D打印体模进行PET/MRI扫描，并使用一个单独的3D打印归一化体模进行光子衰减和归一化测量。还对一个具有亚毫米特征的定制两级高分辨率3D打印体模进行X射线透射扫描。

结果

结果表明，商业体模和3D打印的Micro Deluxe体模之间具有很好的一致性，CT测量的棒直径差异小于3%，PET测量的棒直径差异小于5%，在西门子Inveon（德国西门子医疗）PET扫描10分钟、333 kBq/ml（9 μCi/ml）条件下，平均棒活性的最大差异为6.2%。在所有情况下，这些差异都在我们设备的测量不确定度范围内。PET/MRI扫描成功地在PET和MRI模态上识别出3D打印的热棒和冷棒。3D打印高分辨率体模的X射线投影图像识别出了宽度小至350微米的特征。