Hao Hua, Chang Howard H, Holmes Heather A, Mulholland James A, Klein Mitch, Darrow Lyndsey A, Strickland Matthew J
Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jun;124(6):875-80. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1409651. Epub 2015 Oct 20.
Previous epidemiologic studies suggest associations between preterm birth and ambient air pollution.
We investigated associations between 11 ambient air pollutants, estimated by combining Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ) simulations with measurements from stationary monitors, and risk of preterm birth (< 37 weeks of gestation) in the U.S. state of Georgia.
Birth records for singleton births ≥ 27 weeks of gestation with complete covariate information and estimated dates of conception between 1 January 2002 and 28 February 2006 were obtained from the Office of Health Indicators for Planning, Georgia Department of Public Health (n = 511,658 births). Daily pollutant concentrations at 12-km resolution were estimated for 11 ambient air pollutants. We used logistic regression with county-level fixed effects to estimate associations between preterm birth and average pollutant concentrations during the first and second trimester. Discrete-time survival models were used to estimate third-trimester and total pregnancy associations. Effect modification was investigated by maternal education, race, census tract poverty level, and county-level urbanicity.
Trimester-specific and total pregnancy associations (p < 0.05) were observed for several pollutants. All the traffic-related pollutants (carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, PM2.5 elemental carbon) were associated with preterm birth [e.g., odds ratios for interquartile range increases in carbon monoxide during the first, second, and third trimesters and total pregnancy were 1.005 (95% CI: 1.001, 1.009), 1.007 (95% CI: 1.002, 1.011), 1.010 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.014), and 1.011 (95% CI: 1.006, 1.017)]. Associations tended to be higher for mothers with low educational attainment and African American mothers.
Several ambient air pollutants were associated with preterm birth; associations were observed in all exposure windows.
Hao H, Chang HH, Holmes HA, Mulholland JA, Klein M, Darrow LA, Strickland MJ. 2016. Air pollution and preterm birth in the U.S. state of Georgia (2002-2006): associations with concentrations of 11 ambient air pollutants estimated by combining Community Multiscale Air Quality Model (CMAQ) simulations with stationary monitor measurements. Environ Health Perspect 124:875-880; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409651.
以往的流行病学研究表明早产与环境空气污染之间存在关联。
我们结合社区多尺度空气质量模型（CMAQ）模拟与固定监测器的测量数据来估算11种环境空气污染物，并调查其与美国佐治亚州早产（妊娠<37周）风险之间的关联。
从佐治亚州公共卫生部健康指标规划办公室获取妊娠≥27周单胎分娩的完整协变量信息及2002年1月1日至2006年2月28日估计受孕日期的出生记录（n = 511,658例分娩）。以12公里分辨率估算11种环境空气污染物的每日污染物浓度。我们使用具有县级固定效应的逻辑回归来估算早产与孕早期和孕中期平均污染物浓度之间的关联。采用离散时间生存模型来估算孕晚期及整个孕期的关联。通过产妇教育程度、种族、普查区贫困水平和县级城市化程度来研究效应修饰。
观察到几种污染物在特定孕期及整个孕期均存在关联（p<0.05）。所有与交通相关的污染物（一氧化碳、二氧化氮、PM2.5元素碳）均与早产有关[例如，一氧化碳在孕早期、孕中期、孕晚期及整个孕期四分位间距增加的比值比分别为1.005（95%可信区间：1.001, 1.009）、1.007（95%可信区间：1.002, 1.011）、1.010（95%可信区间：1.006, 1.014）和1.011（95%可信区间：1.006, 1.017）]。教育程度低的母亲和非裔美国母亲的关联往往更高。
几种环境空气污染物与早产有关；在所有暴露窗口期均观察到了这种关联。
郝H，张HH，霍姆斯HA，马尔霍兰德JA，克莱因M，达罗LA，斯特里克兰MJ。2016年。美国佐治亚州的空气污染与早产（2002 - 2006年）：与通过结合社区多尺度空气质量模型（CMAQ）模拟和固定监测器测量估算的11种环境空气污染物浓度的关联。《环境健康展望》124:875 - 880；http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409651 。
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