Peña B, Isla A, Haussmann D, Figueroa J
Faculty of Sciences, Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Universidad Austral de Chile, Mailbox 567, Valdivia, Chile.
Centro Fondap, Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), O'Higgins, 1695, Concepción, Chile.
Fish Physiol Biochem. 2016 Apr;42(2):509-16. doi: 10.1007/s10695-015-0155-5. Epub 2015 Nov 4.
In aquaculture, antibiotics are the traditional treatment used against bacterial infections. However, their use has increasingly come into question given their effects on fish and, possibly, on human health. Consequently, there is interest in developing alternative treatments aimed at stimulating the innate immune response of fish, which is the first line of defense against pathogens. In relation to this, the Toll-like receptors (TLR) aid in the selective identification of pathogens. The present study evaluated immunostimulatory activity of prolactin (PRL) hormone on expression levels of TLR1, 9, and 22, MyD88, and IL-1β during in vitro infection with the fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis, in primary cultures of Oncorhynchus mykiss head kidney cells. Results indicated that PRL increased expression of TLRs and MyD88 during the first hours of bacterial infection, while a constant increase in expression was found for IL-1β. These findings suggest that PRL indirectly modulates expression of TLRs by activating expression of suppressors of cytokine signaling, thereby regulating immune response over long periods of time during bacterial infection.
在水产养殖中，抗生素是用于对抗细菌感染的传统治疗方法。然而，鉴于其对鱼类以及可能对人类健康的影响，抗生素的使用越来越受到质疑。因此，人们对开发旨在刺激鱼类先天免疫反应的替代治疗方法产生了兴趣，先天免疫反应是抵御病原体的第一道防线。与此相关的是，Toll样受体（TLR）有助于对病原体进行选择性识别。本研究在虹鳟鱼头肾细胞原代培养物中，评估了催乳素（PRL）激素对鱼类病原体鲑鱼立克次氏体体外感染期间TLR1、9和22、髓样分化因子88（MyD88）以及白细胞介素-1β（IL-1β）表达水平的免疫刺激活性。结果表明，在细菌感染的最初几个小时内，PRL增加了TLR和MyD88的表达，而IL-1β的表达则持续增加。这些发现表明，PRL通过激活细胞因子信号抑制因子的表达来间接调节TLR的表达，从而在细菌感染期间长时间调节免疫反应。
