Waggoner Stephen N, Reighard Seth D, Gyurova Ivayla E, Cranert Stacey A, Mahl Sarah E, Karmele Erik P, McNally Jonathan P, Moran Michael T, Brooks Taylor R, Yaqoob Fazeela, Rydyznski Carolyn E
Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Pathobiology and Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Center for Autoimmune Genomics and Etiology (CAGE), Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Immunology Graduate Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States; Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, United States.
Curr Opin Virol. 2016 Feb;16:15-23. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2015.10.008. Epub 2015 Nov 16.
Natural killer (NK) cells are important in immune defense against virus infections. This is predominantly considered a function of rapid, innate NK-cell killing of virus-infected cells. However, NK cells also prime other immune cells through the release of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and other cytokines. Additionally, NK cells share features with long-lived adaptive immune cells and can impact disease pathogenesis through the inhibition of adaptive immune responses by virus-specific T and B cells. The relative contributions of these diverse and conflicting functions of NK cells in humans are poorly defined and likely context-dependent, thereby complicating the development of therapeutic interventions. Here we focus on the contributions of NK cells to disease in diverse virus infections germane to human health.
自然杀伤（NK）细胞在针对病毒感染的免疫防御中发挥着重要作用。这主要被认为是NK细胞对病毒感染细胞进行快速、先天性杀伤的功能。然而，NK细胞还通过释放γ干扰素（IFN-γ）和其他细胞因子来激活其他免疫细胞。此外，NK细胞与长寿的适应性免疫细胞具有共同特征，并且可以通过抑制病毒特异性T细胞和B细胞的适应性免疫反应来影响疾病的发病机制。NK细胞这些多样且相互矛盾的功能在人类中的相对贡献尚不清楚，并且可能取决于具体情况，从而使治疗干预措施的开发变得复杂。在这里，我们重点关注NK细胞在与人类健康相关的多种病毒感染中对疾病的影响。
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