应激源、对应激源的评估、体验到的压力与心脏反应：护士工作压力的实时、实际调查
Stressors, Appraisal of Stressors, Experienced Stress and Cardiac Response: A Real-Time, Real-Life Investigation of Work Stress in Nurses.
作者信息
Johnston Derek, Bell Cheryl, Jones Martyn, Farquharson Barbara, Allan Julia, Schofield Patricia, Ricketts Ian, Johnston Marie
机构信息
School of Psychology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Kings College, Old Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3FX, UK.
University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
出版信息
Ann Behav Med. 2016 Apr;50(2):187-97. doi: 10.1007/s12160-015-9746-8.
BACKGROUND
Stress in health care professionals may reflect both the work and appraisal of work and impacts on the individuals, their patients, colleagues and managers.
PURPOSE
The purpose of the present study is to examine physiological and psychological effects of stressors (tasks) and theory-based perceptions of work stressors within and between nurses in real time.
METHODS
During two work shifts, 100 nurses rated experienced stress, affect, fatigue, theory-based measures of work stress and nursing tasks on electronic diaries every 90 min, whereas heart rate and activity were measured continuously.
RESULTS
Heart rate was associated with both demand and effort. Experienced stress was related to demand, control, effort and reward. Effort and reward interacted as predicted (but only within people). Results were unchanged when allowance was made for work tasks.
CONCLUSIONS
Real-time appraisals were more important than actual tasks in predicting both psychological and physiological correlates of stress. At times when effort was high, perceived reward reduced stress.
背景
医护人员的压力可能既反映工作本身，也反映对工作的评价，并且会对个人、他们的患者、同事和管理人员产生影响。
目的
本研究的目的是实时考察压力源（任务）以及护士基于理论对工作压力源的认知在护士个体内部及相互之间产生的生理和心理影响。
方法
在两个工作班次期间，100名护士每隔90分钟通过电子日记对所经历的压力、情感、疲劳、基于理论的工作压力测量指标以及护理任务进行评分，同时持续测量心率和活动情况。
结果
心率与需求和努力程度均相关。所经历的压力与需求、控制、努力程度和回报有关。努力程度和回报正如预期那样相互作用（但仅在个体内部）。在考虑工作任务的情况下，结果没有变化。
结论
在预测压力的心理和生理相关因素方面，实时评价比实际任务更为重要。在努力程度较高时，感知到的回报会减轻压力。
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