产前暴露于有机磷农药与胎儿生长：四项纵向出生队列研究的汇总结果
Prenatal Exposure to Organophosphorous Pesticides and Fetal Growth: Pooled Results from Four Longitudinal Birth Cohort Studies.
作者信息
Harley Kim G, Engel Stephanie M, Vedar Michelle G, Eskenazi Brenda, Whyatt Robin M, Lanphear Bruce P, Bradman Asa, Rauh Virginia A, Yolton Kimberly, Hornung Richard W, Wetmur James G, Chen Jia, Holland Nina T, Barr Dana Boyd, Perera Frederica P, Wolff Mary S
机构信息
Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA.
出版信息
Environ Health Perspect. 2016 Jul;124(7):1084-92. doi: 10.1289/ehp.1409362. Epub 2015 Dec 18.
BACKGROUND
Organophosphorous (OP) pesticides are associated with reduced fetal growth in animals, but human studies are inconsistent.
OBJECTIVES
We pooled data from four cohorts to examine associations of prenatal OP exposure with birth weight (n = 1,169), length (n = 1,152), and head circumference (n = 1,143).
METHODS
Data were from the CHAMACOS, HOME, Columbia, and Mount Sinai birth cohorts. Concentrations of three diethyl phosphate (ΣDEP) and three dimethyl phosphate (ΣDMP) metabolites of OP pesticides [summed to six dialkyl phosphates (ΣDAPs)] were measured in maternal urine. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to examine associations with birth outcomes.
RESULTS
We found no significant associations of ΣDEP, ΣDMP, or ΣDAPs with birth weight, length, or head circumference overall. However, among non-Hispanic black women, increasing urinary ΣDAP and ΣDMP concentrations were associated with decreased birth length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.8, 0.0, respectively, for each 10-fold increase in metabolite concentration). Among infants with the PON1192RR genotype, ΣDAP and ΣDMP were negatively associated with length (β = -0.4 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, 0.0 and β = -0.5 cm; 95% CI: -0.9, -0.1).
CONCLUSIONS
This study confirms previously reported associations of prenatal OP exposure among black women with decreased infant size at birth, but finds no evidence of smaller birth weight, length, or head circumference among whites or Hispanics. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found stronger inverse associations of DAPs and birth outcome in infants with the less susceptible PON1192RR genotype. The large pooled data set facilitated exploration of interactions by race/ethnicity and PON1 genotype, but was limited by differences in study populations.
CITATION
Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. 2016. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1084-1092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409362.
背景
有机磷（OP）农药与动物胎儿生长发育迟缓有关，但人体研究结果并不一致。
目的
我们汇总了四个队列的数据，以研究产前OP暴露与出生体重（n = 1169）、身长（n = 1152）和头围（n = 1143）之间的关联。
方法
数据来自CHAMACOS、HOME、哥伦比亚和西奈山出生队列。测量了孕妇尿液中OP农药的三种二乙基磷酸酯（ΣDEP）和三种二甲基磷酸酯（ΣDMP）代谢物的浓度[总计六种二烷基磷酸酯（ΣDAPs）]。使用线性回归和混合效应模型来研究与出生结局的关联。
结果
我们发现，总体而言，ΣDEP、ΣDMP或ΣDAPs与出生体重、身长或头围之间无显著关联。然而，在非西班牙裔黑人女性中，尿液中ΣDAP和ΣDMP浓度的增加与出生身长的降低有关（代谢物浓度每增加10倍，β分别为-0.4 cm；95%置信区间：-0.9，0.0和β = -0.4 cm；95%置信区间：-0.8，0.0）。在具有PON1 192RR基因型的婴儿中，ΣDAP和ΣDMP与身长呈负相关（β = -0.4 cm；95%置信区间：-0.9，0.0和β = -0.5 cm；95%置信区间：-0.9，-0.1）。
结论
本研究证实了先前报道的黑人女性产前OP暴露与出生时婴儿体型减小之间的关联，但未发现白人或西班牙裔婴儿出生体重、身长或头围较小的证据。与我们的假设相反，我们发现具有较低易感性的PON1 192RR基因型婴儿中，DAPs与出生结局之间的负相关更强。大量汇总数据集有助于按种族/族裔和PON1基因型探索相互作用，但受研究人群差异的限制。
引用文献
Harley KG, Engel SM, Vedar MG, Eskenazi B, Whyatt RM, Lanphear BP, Bradman A, Rauh VA, Yolton K, Hornung RW, Wetmur JG, Chen J, Holland NT, Barr DB, Perera FP, Wolff MS. 2016. Prenatal exposure to organophosphorous pesticides and fetal growth: pooled results from four longitudinal birth cohort studies. Environ Health Perspect 124:1084 - 1092; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1409362.
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