Katayama Noboru, Kishida Osamu, Sakai Rei, Hayakashi Shintaro, Miyoshi Chikako, Ito Kinya, Naniwa Aiko, Yamaguchi Aya, Wada Katsunori, Kowata Shiro, Koike Yoshinobu, Tsubakimoto Katsuhiro, Ohiwa Kenichi, Sato Hirokazu, Miyazaki Toru, Oiwa Shinichi, Oka Tsubasa, Kikuchi Shinya, Igarashi Chikako, Chiba Shiho, Akiyama Yoko, Takahashi Hiroyuki, Takagi Kentaro
Teshio Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Toikanbetsu, Horonobe, Hokkaido, 098-2943, Japan.
Tomakomai Experimental Forest, Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Takaoka, Tomakomai, Hokkaido, 053-0035, Japan.
PLoS One. 2015 Dec 31;10(12):e0146228. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146228. eCollection 2015.
Wild edible plants, ecological foodstuffs obtained from forest ecosystems, grow in natural fields, and their productivity depends on their response to harvesting by humans. Addressing exactly how wild edible plants respond to harvesting is critical because this knowledge will provide insights into how to obtain effective and sustainable ecosystem services from these plants. We focused on bamboo shoots of Sasa kurilensis, a popular wild edible plant in Japan. We examined the effects of harvesting on bamboo shoot productivity by conducting an experimental manipulation of bamboo shoot harvesting. Twenty experimental plots were prepared in the Teshio Experimental Forest of Hokkaido University and were assigned into two groups: a harvest treatment, in which newly emerged edible bamboo shoots were harvested (n = 10); and a control treatment, in which bamboo shoots were maintained without harvesting (n = 10). In the first year of harvesting (2013), bamboo shoot productivities were examined twice; i.e., the productivity one day after harvesting and the subsequent post-harvest productivity (2-46 days after harvesting), and we observed no difference in productivity between treatments. This means that there was no difference in original bamboo shoot productivity between treatments, and that harvesting did not influence productivity in the initial year. In contrast, in the following year (2014), the number of bamboo shoots in the harvested plots was 2.4-fold greater than in the control plots. These results indicate that over-compensatory growth occurred in the harvested plots in the year following harvesting. Whereas previous research has emphasized the negative impact of harvesting, this study provides the first experimental evidence that harvesting can enhance the productivity of a wild edible plant. This suggests that exploiting compensatory growth, which really amounts to less of a decline in productivity, may be s a key for the effective use of wild edible plants.
野生可食用植物是从森林生态系统中获取的生态食品，生长在自然环境中，其生产力取决于它们对人类采摘的反应。准确了解野生可食用植物如何对采摘做出反应至关重要，因为这一知识将有助于深入了解如何从这些植物中获得有效且可持续的生态系统服务。我们聚焦于日本一种受欢迎的野生可食用植物——库页薹草的竹笋。我们通过对竹笋采摘进行实验操作，研究了采摘对竹笋生产力的影响。在北海道大学的天盐实验林准备了20个实验地块，并分为两组：采摘处理组，采摘新长出的可食用竹笋（n = 10）；对照组，竹笋不进行采摘（n = 10）。在采摘的第一年（2013年），对竹笋生产力进行了两次检测，即采摘后一天的生产力以及随后的收获后生产力（采摘后2 - 46天），我们观察到不同处理组之间的生产力没有差异。这意味着不同处理组之间原始竹笋生产力没有差异，并且采摘在第一年并未影响生产力。相比之下，在接下来的一年（2014年），采摘地块的竹笋数量比对照地块多2.4倍。这些结果表明，采摘后的次年，采摘地块出现了超补偿生长。尽管先前的研究强调了采摘的负面影响，但本研究提供了首个实验证据，表明采摘可以提高野生可食用植物的生产力。这表明利用补偿性生长，实际上相当于减少生产力下降，可能是有效利用野生可食用植物的关键。
