Valenta Rudolf, Campana Raffaela, Focke-Tejkl Margit, Niederberger Verena
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria.
Division of Immunopathology, Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Vienna, Austria.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016 Feb;137(2):351-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1299.
In the past, the development of more effective, safe, convenient, broadly applicable, and easy to manufacture vaccines for allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) has been limited by the poor quality of natural allergen extracts. Progress made in the field of molecular allergen characterization has now made it possible to produce defined vaccines for AIT and eventually for preventive allergy vaccination based on recombinant DNA technology and synthetic peptide chemistry. Here we review the characteristics of recombinant and synthetic allergy vaccines that have reached clinical evaluation and discuss how molecular vaccine approaches can make AIT more safe and effective and thus more convenient. Furthermore, we discuss how new technologies can facilitate the reproducible manufacturing of vaccines of pharmaceutical grade for inhalant, food, and venom allergens. Allergy vaccines in clinical trials based on recombinant allergens, recombinant allergen derivatives, and synthetic peptides allow us to target selectively different immune mechanisms, and certain of those show features that might make them applicable not only for therapeutic but also for prophylactic vaccination.
过去，用于变应原特异性免疫疗法（AIT）的更有效、安全、便捷、广泛适用且易于生产的疫苗开发，一直受到天然变应原提取物质量欠佳的限制。分子变应原表征领域取得的进展，现已使得基于重组DNA技术和合成肽化学，生产用于AIT的明确疫苗并最终用于预防性过敏疫苗接种成为可能。在此，我们综述已进入临床评估阶段的重组和合成过敏疫苗的特性，并讨论分子疫苗方法如何能使AIT更安全有效从而更便捷。此外，我们还讨论新技术如何能促进用于吸入性、食物和毒液变应原的药用级疫苗的可重复生产。基于重组变应原、重组变应原衍生物和合成肽的临床试验中的过敏疫苗，使我们能够选择性地针对不同的免疫机制，其中某些疫苗显示出不仅可用于治疗性接种，还可用于预防性接种的特性。
