尼日利亚孕妇中乙肝病毒血清学标志物的血清流行率
Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus serological markers among pregnant Nigerian women.
作者信息
Aba Henrietta Oneh, Aminu Maryam
机构信息
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria.
出版信息
Ann Afr Med. 2016 Jan-Mar;15(1):20-7. doi: 10.4103/1596-3519.172555.
BACKGROUND
Chronic hepatitis B infection is a global problem; however, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa are most affected by it. Hepatitis B status of pregnant women is essential for the effective management of the disease and prevention of mother to child transmission.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was conducted at the antenatal care unit of four hospitals within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria, between August and December 2011. After obtaining ethical clearance, blood samples were collected from 800 consenting pregnant women, the plasma were screened for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using first response HBsAg card and the reactive sera were confirmed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Other serological markers of hepatitis B virus (HBV) were detected using the one-step HBV multi-5 test kit.
RESULTS
Of the 800 pregnant women screened, 31 (3.9%) tested positive for HBsAg. Only one of the 31 HBsAg positive women had developed the hepatitis B surface antibody, 16 (51.6%) had the envelop antibody, 18 (58.1%) had the hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc), and two (6.5%) had hepatitis B envelop antigen (HBeAg). The highest prevalence of HBsAg was recorded among women in age group 21-25 years old (P = 0.968). Similarly, married women (P = 0.772), women in their second trimester of pregnancy (P = 0.938), women with tertiary education (P = 0.972), women from the South-East geopolitical zone (P = 0.250) and those whose husbands were in polygamous relationships (P = 0.944) had the highest seroprevalence of HBsAg.
CONCLUSION
HBV was detected with a prevalence of 3.9% among pregnant women in Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria. About 96.8% (29) of the reactive women had HBeAg negative chronic hepatitis while 6.5% (2) had HBeAg positive chronic hepatitis B infection. About 58.1% of the women had anti-HBc, hence, did not have immunity and probably had chronic infection with reduced risk of vertical transmission. Pregnant women should be screened for HBsAg at the first antenatal clinic visit for appropriate clinical management and effective prevention of vertical transmission.
背景
慢性乙型肝炎感染是一个全球性问题；然而，亚洲和撒哈拉以南非洲受其影响最为严重。孕妇的乙肝状况对于该疾病的有效管理和预防母婴传播至关重要。
材料与方法
该研究于2011年8月至12月在尼日利亚卡杜纳市的四家医院的产前护理单元进行。获得伦理批准后，从800名同意参与的孕妇中采集血样，使用第一反应乙肝表面抗原（HBsAg）检测卡对血浆进行HBsAg筛查，并用酶联免疫吸附测定法对反应性血清进行确认。使用一步法乙肝病毒（HBV）多项检测试剂盒检测其他乙肝病毒血清学标志物。
结果
在筛查的800名孕妇中，31名（3.9%）HBsAg检测呈阳性。在这31名HBsAg阳性女性中，只有1名产生了乙肝表面抗体，16名（51.6%）有包膜抗体，18名（58.1%）有乙肝核心抗体（抗-HBc），2名（6.5%）有乙肝包膜抗原（HBeAg）。在21 - 25岁年龄组的女性中记录到最高的HBsAg患病率（P = 0.968）。同样，已婚女性（P = 0.772）、妊娠中期女性（P = 0.938）、受过高等教育的女性（P = 0.972）、来自东南地缘政治区的女性（P = 0.250）以及丈夫处于一夫多妻关系的女性（P = 0.944）的HBsAg血清阳性率最高。
结论
在尼日利亚卡杜纳市的孕妇中检测到HBV的患病率为3.9%。约96.8%（29名）反应性女性患有HBeAg阴性慢性肝炎，而6.5%（2名）患有HBeAg阳性慢性乙型肝炎感染。约58.1%的女性有抗-HBc，因此没有免疫力，可能患有慢性感染且垂直传播风险降低。孕妇应在首次产前诊所就诊时进行HBsAg筛查，以便进行适当的临床管理和有效预防垂直传播。
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