F.M. Kirby Neurobiology Center, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; email:
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115.
Annu Rev Immunol. 2016 May 20;34:421-47. doi: 10.1146/annurev-immunol-041015-055340. Epub 2016 Feb 22.
Evolution has yielded multiple complex and complementary mechanisms to detect environmental danger and protect tissues from damage. The nervous system rapidly processes information and coordinates complex defense behaviors, and the immune system eliminates diverse threats by virtue of mobile, specialized cell populations. The two systems are tightly integrated, cooperating in local and systemic reflexes that restore homeostasis in response to tissue injury and infection. They further share a broad common language of cytokines, growth factors, and neuropeptides that enables bidirectional communication. However, this reciprocal cross talk permits amplification of maladaptive feedforward inflammatory loops that contribute to the development of allergy, autoimmunity, itch, and pain. Appreciating the immune and nervous systems as a holistic, coordinated defense system provides both new insights into inflammation and exciting opportunities for managing acute and chronic inflammatory diseases.
进化产生了多种复杂且互补的机制来检测环境危险并保护组织免受损伤。神经系统快速处理信息并协调复杂的防御行为，而免疫系统通过流动的、专门的细胞群消除各种威胁。这两个系统紧密结合，通过局部和全身反射合作，在组织损伤和感染时恢复体内平衡。它们进一步共享细胞因子、生长因子和神经肽的广泛通用语言，从而实现双向通信。然而，这种相互交流允许放大适应性前馈炎症回路，从而导致过敏、自身免疫、瘙痒和疼痛的发展。将免疫系统和神经系统视为一个整体、协调的防御系统，不仅为炎症提供了新的见解，也为急性和慢性炎症性疾病的治疗提供了令人兴奋的机会。
