Lloyd Rhodri S, Cronin John B, Faigenbaum Avery D, Haff G Gregory, Howard Rick, Kraemer William J, Micheli Lyle J, Myer Gregory D, Oliver Jon L
1Youth Physical Development Unit, School of Sport, Cardiff Metropolitan University, Cardiff, United Kingdom; 2Sports Performance Research Institute New Zealand, AUT University, Auckland, New Zealand; 3Center for Exercise and Sport Science Research, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Australia; 4Department of Health and Exercise Science, The College of New Jersey, Ewing, New Jersey; 5Department of Kinesiology, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania; 6Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; 7Department of Orthopaedics, Division of Sports Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; 8Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; 9The Micheli Center for Sports Injury Prevention, Boston, Massachusetts; 10Division of Sports Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio; 11Department of Pediatrics and Orthopaedic Surgery, College of Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio; and 12Department of Orthopaedics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
J Strength Cond Res. 2016 Jun;30(6):1491-509. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001387.
There has recently been a growing interest in long-term athletic development for youth. Because of their unique physical, psychological, and social differences, children and adolescents should engage in appropriately prescribed exercise programs that promote physical development to prevent injury and enhance fitness behaviors that can be retained later in life. Irrespective of whether a child is involved in organized sport or engages in recreational physical activity, there remains a need to adopt a structured, logical, and evidence-based approach to the long-term development of athleticism. This is of particular importance considering the alarmingly high number of youth who fail to meet global physical activity recommendations and consequently present with negative health profiles. However, appropriate exercise prescription is also crucial for those young athletes who are physically underprepared and at risk of overuse injury because of high volumes of competition and an absence of preparatory conditioning. Whether the child accumulates insufficient or excessive amounts of exercise, or falls somewhere between these opposing ends of the spectrum, it is generally accepted that the young bodies of modern day youth are often ill-prepared to tolerate the rigors of sports or physical activity. All youth should engage in regular physical activity and thus should be viewed as "athletes" and afforded the opportunity to enhance athleticism in an individualized, holistic, and child-centered manner. Because of emerging interest in long-term athletic development, an authorship team was tasked on behalf of the National Strength and Conditioning Association (NSCA) to critically synthesize existing literature and current practices within the field and to compose a relevant position statement. This document was subsequently reviewed and formally ratified by the NSCA Board of Directors. A list of 10 pillars of successful long-term athletic development are presented, which summarize the key recommendations detailed within the position statement. With these pillars in place, it is believed that the NSCA can (a) help foster a more unified and holistic approach to long-term athletic development, (b) promote the benefits of a lifetime of healthy physical activity, and
最近，人们对青少年的长期运动发展越来越感兴趣。由于儿童和青少年在身体、心理和社会方面存在独特差异，他们应该参与适当规定的锻炼计划，以促进身体发育，预防受伤，并增强那些在以后生活中能够保持的健康行为。无论儿童是参与有组织的运动还是进行休闲体育活动，都需要采用一种结构化、合乎逻辑且基于证据的方法来进行长期的运动能力发展。考虑到未能达到全球体育活动建议的青少年数量惊人之高，且因此呈现出负面健康状况，这一点尤为重要。然而，对于那些身体准备不足且因大量比赛和缺乏预备性训练而有过度使用损伤风险的年轻运动员来说，适当的运动处方也至关重要。无论儿童积累的运动量不足还是过多，或者处于这两个极端之间的某个位置，人们普遍认为，现代青少年的年轻身体往往没有做好承受体育运动或体育活动严酷性的准备。所有青少年都应该进行定期体育活动，因此应该被视为“运动员”，并有机会以个性化、全面且以儿童为中心的方式增强运动能力。由于对长期运动发展的兴趣不断涌现，一个作者团队受委托代表美国国家体能协会（NSCA）对该领域的现有文献和当前实践进行批判性综合，并撰写一份相关的立场声明。该文件随后由NSCA董事会进行了审查并正式批准。文中列出了成功的长期运动发展的10大支柱，总结了立场声明中详细阐述的关键建议。有了这些支柱，相信NSCA能够（a）帮助培养一种更统一、全面的长期运动发展方法，（b）推广终身健康体育活动的益处，并且
